
AN OLD-TIME NEW ENG-LAND GAR-DEN. 






A 



History of New England 



IN WORDS OF ONE SYLLABLE, 




IN-DIAN CA-NOE. 



By MRS. H. N. CADY. 



PROFUSEL Y ILL USTRA TED. 




Chicago, New York, San Francisco : 
BELFORD, CLARKE & CO. 



Fi- 



COPYRir.HT BY 

BELFORD, CLARKE & CO, 




DoNOHUE & Henneberry, Piinters and Binders, Chicago. 



PREFACE. 

Before writing this history of New England, 
the hmitations of a book in monosyllabic words 
were so seriously felt, that from the outset it was 
thought best not to use words of that class exclu- 
sively. For the most part only such have been 
employed ; longer ones, when introduced, have been 
carefullv divided into syllables, rendering their pro- 
nunciation easy. In such cases the examples of 
the best primary educators have been followed, 
by continuing the use of a word when it has once 
been mt reduced, until perfectly familiar to the 
reader. It is sincerely hoped that all young people 
interested m New England, and especially in her 
colonization, will gain from these pages a love for 
the subject which will lead them to pursue it in 
works where it is given a more exhaustive and 
elaborate treatment. a. c. c. 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 



An Old-time New England Gar-den, 

Fron-lis-pi 

Cap-tain John Smith's Map of New Eng- 
land, A.L). 1614, 

Old Stone Mill at New-port, 

Rock near Mount Hope, . 

Digh-ton Rock, 

Skel-e-ton in Ar-mor. 

Co-lum-bus's Ship, . 

Sir Fran-cis Drake's Chair. Made from 
Re-mains of the Gold-en Hind, 

Ver-raz-za-no's Ship, 

In-dian En-camp-ment, . 

In-dian Pipes, . 

In-dian Can-oe, 

In-dian Snow-shoe, . 

May-flow-er, 

Sign-ing the A-gree-ment in the Cab-in 
of the May-flovv-er, 

First "Wash Day" of Pil-grim Moth-ers 

Fore-fath-er's Rock, 

Pil-grims, .... 

Gov-er-nor Car-ver"s Chair, 

Five Grains of Corn, 

The Chil-dren soon Learned to Love 
Squan-to, 

Spin-ning, .... 

Pd-grims Go-ing to Church, 

El-der Brews-ter's Chair, 

Mass-a-so-it Tells Wins-low, 

Au-to-graph of Myles Stan-dis 

Tri-mount, 

Pine-tree Shil-ling, . 

A "Witch," 

The " Tith-ing Man," 

Lake Win-ni-pi-seo-gee, . 

Go-ing to Call on a Friend, 

Pe-quods, .... 

Pu-ri-tan Girl, a.d. 1644, . 

Drum Rock, 

Mount Hope, 

Phil-ipat Mount Hope, . 

Phil-ip's Mon-u-ment, 

Pu-ri-tan Youth, a.d. 1644, 

Church and An-na-won, . 

Weav-ing Cloth, 

A " Marm's School," 

Page from an old School Book 

Sick Child, 

An old Fire-place, . 



h, 



10 
1 1 
13 

14 
15 

17 

18 
20 
24 
26 
27 
28 



33 
34 
36 
38 
39 
42 

43 
45 
47 
48 

51 
52 
54 
56 
58 
59 
63 
67 
69 

73 

n 
81 

83 

88 

91 
96 

99 
100 
102 
103 
104 



" A Bus-tie in the Kit-chen," . 
" A Cun-ning Lit-tle Ta-ble all to Them- 
selves," ...... 

Mass-a-chu-s^tts Coast, . 

Char-ter Oak 

Wood-en Plough, .... 

A New Eng-land Jump-er, 

New Eng-land Ba-by of a.d. 1700, . 

Room in a Bos-ton House, a.d. 1700, 

" I Don't Care to Sell them. Sir," . 

Site of the old Bea-con, . 

Burn-ing of the Gas-pee, . 

Rare Chi-na, ..... 

Co-lo-ni-al Fam-i-ly at Break-fast, a.d 

1770, 

A " Min-ute Man," .... 
Gen-er-al Put-nam at Home, . 
" W^el-come Home," .... 
" Hark ! I hear Guns," 
Driv'-ing Home the Cows, 

An Old Mill, 

Young Man of Bos-ton in 181 2. 

First Meet-ing House in Con-nec-ti-cut, 

House of Em-er-son, Con-cord, Mass-a- 

chu-setts, ...... 

Ralph Wal-do Em-er-son, 

Hen-ry W. Long-fel-low, and his Home 

in Port-land, ...... 

John G. Whit-ti-er 

Whit-ti-er's Birth-place, near Hav-er- 

hill, Mass-a-chu-setts, 
Sport in Maine, . . . . . 

House where Hor-ace Gree-ley Went to 

School, ...... 

Dan-iel Web-ster, .... 

Miss Lou-is-a May Al-cott, 

The Or-chard House, Con-cord, Mass-a 

chu-setts. Home of the Al-cotts, 
Mrs. A. D. T. Whit-ney's Home, Mil 

ton, Mass-a-chu-setts, . 
Thom-as Bai-ley Al-drich, 
T. B. Al-drich's Stud-y, . 
J. T. Trow-bridge, . 
Home of J. T. Trow-brid 
Seal of New Hamp-shire, 
Home of T. B. Al-drich, . 
" I've Come to See Pa-pa Milk 
Gov-er-nor Buck-ing-ham, 
Seal of Mass-a-chu-setts, . 



105 



?e. 



205 
206 



CONTENTS. 



Chapter I. The First White Men, 

11. From Leif to the Pilgrims, 

III. The Red Men, 

IV. The Pilgrims, . 
V. The Men at Plymouth, . 

VI. How the Pilgrims Lived, 
VII. The White Men at Weymouth, 
VIII. More Men Come to these Shores, 
IX. First White Men in Maine, 
X. First White Men in New Hampshire 
XI. First White Men in Connecticut, 
XII. First White Men in Rhode Island, 

XIII. King Philip's War, . 

XIV. King Philip's Death, 
XV. Church Takes Annawon, . 

XVI. Home Life, .... 
XVII. The First Thanksgiving Day, . 
XVIII. Sad Times with the Charters, . 
XIX. State of Things in the Colonies in i/CO, 

XX. P'rench and Indian Wars, 
XXI. Things which Led to the Revolution, 
XXII. Boston Massacre, 

XXIII. The Great Tea-pot, . 

XXIV. Paul Revere's Ride, . 
XXV. Bunker Hill, . 

XXVI. Washington Takes Charge ot the Army, 
XXVII. Free at Last, . 
XXVIII. The War still Goes on, 
XXIX. Battle of New London, 

XXX. Vermont, . 
XXXI. When the War was Done, 
XXXII. Bright New England Men, 

XXXIII. War of 1812, . 

XXXIV. Nantucket, 
XXXV. A Time of Rest and Peace, 

XXXVI. Dorr War, 
XXXVII. Those in New England who Write for th 
XXXVIII. Things which Led to the Civil War, 
XXXIX. The Civil War 



Girl 



s and Boy 



HISTORY OF NEW ENGLAND. 



CHAPTER I. 

THE FIRST WHITE MEN. 

To all who were born in this place, or whose pa- 
rents once lived here, the name of New Eng-land 
has a dear, sweet sound. We love its rocks and 
stone walls, great hills and green dales, and the pure 
white sand on its shores. The tales of the In-dians 
who first lived here are dear to the hearts of us all, 
and have quite as great a charm for the young as the 
" Fai-ry folk lore" they love to read. 

It is of these In-dians who lived here when no 
white man had trod our shores we must first speak, 
if we would have this his-to-ry a true one. While 
the land was theirs, the great woods, filled with fine 
old trees, came down to the shore of the sea ; and the. 
Avhole place would have looked strange and wild to 
us if we could have seen it then. If you will look on 
the next page you will see a strange old map made 
by Cap-tain John Smith, a man who first came to 
some oth-er part of A-mer-i-ca, and sailed up its 
shores in 1614. His map is not right in all parts, as 



lO 



History of Nciv England. 



^oiilliHampton 



JD T/'/lo Wifely 1 



he could not take the time to know the land well ; 
but some of the names he gave to the capes and 
towns are the same to-day that they were then. As 
you read on, you will find a map made in our own 
times, which shows these shores as they are. He it 

was who gave the 
name of New Enof- 
land to the whole. 

When men sail 
to new lands, they 
like to name them 
for some place they 
have known and 
loved ; and so it 
is that the word 
" New" is found in 
the names of the 
"New World," — 
as A-mer-i-ca was 
called by those who 
first came here. We 
have ''New York," 
" New Jer-sey," etc.; 



7^, 



g^r Chmles _ 




CAPT. JOHN smith's MAP OF NEW ENG-LAND, A. D. 1614. 1 K f -f U fU 

" News," — that spot in the north-west of our land 
which Smith called " New EnQ--land." That stranee 
coast line of Cap-tain Smith's old map tells us where 




OLD STONE MILL, AT NEW-PORT. 



12 History of Nciu England. 

the trees leave off and the sea comes in. On its 
edge the In-dians had their homes, where they could 
catch fish and dig clams on the beach. They also 
ate corn and killed the game which they found in the 
woods near at hand; but they used clams and fish for 
a large part of their food. The small huts which to 
them meant home, were grouped near some spring of 
pure sw^eet wa-ter ; and some of these are still known 
by the same names that the In-dians gave them so 
long ago. 

It is thought by men who know a great deal, that 
some white men came to this spot way back in looo, 
that is some nine hun-dred years ago, and sailed down 
the coast. These, some think, built the Old Stone 
Mill at New-port, and cut rude marks on the rocks ; 
which, if we could read them, would tell us much we 
would like to know. But the wise men say that the 
old mill is not as old as the time of these first white 
men. 

They came from the north of Eu-rope, a-cross the 
sea to Green-land, and sailed down the coast for a 
long way. They told when they went back, of a fair 
land they found when they had sailed up a long in- 
let; and the bay they spoke of, which charmed them 
so much that they spent a whole win-ter there, is 
thought to be the Nar-ra-gan-sett. At Mount Hope, 
a fair, high hill, whose sides reach down to the clear 



The First White Mi 



en. 



wa-ters of the bay, they made their home ; and they 
called the place Vm-laitd, or " Wine-land," from the 
grape-vines and rich wild grapes they found there. 
These peo-ple were known as Norse-men, and their 
chief was called Leif. The first time they came to 
Vin-land they filled their boats with the grapes and 
sailed to their friends in Green-land ; but they were 




ROCK, NEAR MT. HOPE.. 



SO much pleased with the place that they came back 
the next year, and brought their wives and kine with 
them. 

They made their home where a riv-er winds 
down through the low land and then through a bay 
out in-to the sea. Grapes and wild wheat grew on 
the sides of the hill, and there were fish in the bay, 
and wild beasts in the woods. The In-dians, whom 



'4 



History of Neiv England. 



they tell us were black, with great dark eyes, and 
straiofht hair, used to come in the sum-mer in strange 
boats, made of skms, to trade with them. The place 
they called " Hop," — which means a place far in from 
the sea. 




DIGH-TON ROCK. 



A few years a-go a rock was found on the shore of 
the bay, just north of Mount Hope, up-on which 
strange marks were cut ; and the wise men said, 
when they had seen it, that the lines and boat must 
have been made by Leif and his men nine hun-dred 



The First White Men. 



15 



years a-go. The rock is not in view when the tide 
is in, and that is why the marks have not been seen 
till now. 

Up the stream and on the east side of the bank, 
some ten miles or more from Mount Hope, is a rock 
which has long been known to the wise men ; it, too, 
is on the edge of the stream, and at high tide can-not 
be seen. More marks are to be found on its face, and 
the wise men are still try-ing 
to find out what they mean. 
As it is found at a place 
called Digh-ton, it is known 
as Digh-ton Rock. 

In Fall Riv-er, a place 
half-way from Mount Hope 
to Dio*h-ton, a strano^e thine 
was found some fif-ty years 
a-go, which leads us to feel 
sure that white men were 
here at some far date. This skel-e-ton in ar-mor. 

was a skel-e-ton in ar-mor. Some men while at work 
on the side of a hill, saw the earth cave in, and a 
great box or roll of bark was laid bare. When they 
had torn this bark a-way they found the bones of a 
man ; on the chest was a breast-plate of brass, and 
round his waist a belt of brass tubes, to ward off the 
darts of his foes. There the poor man had sat for all 




1 6 History of New England. 

these years, just to tell us, it would seem, that white 
men had lived here ere the land had a name which 
would last. 



CHAPTER II. 

FROM LEIF TO THE PILGRIMS. 

In 1492, Co-lum-bus was sent by the king and 
queen of Spain, to find a short way to the East In- 
dies. He thought that if he sailed west from Spain, 
he would, in due time, come to this rich land. At 
first he could find no men who would go on such a 
wild quest ; but three small ships, two of which had 
no decks, were made fit at last ; and when he sailed 
on the third of Au-gust, 1492, one hun-dred and 
twen-ty men went with him. 

One night the cry of " Land !" was heard from 
some of the crew ; and when the sun rose a-bove the 
sea, Co-lum-bus saw a strange, new shore be-fore his 
eyes. This land was a small is-land which he named 
San Sal-va-dor ; and the black men he found here he 
called In-dians, for he thought he had reached In-dia. 
In-dia is not here at all, you know; but a-cross the 
Pa-cif-ic o-cean, in A-sia. He did not set foot on the 
main land of A-mer-i-ca at this time, but when he 



a! 




■ ij" 



1 8 History of New England. 

had seen a few of the is-lands near by, he sailed back 
to Spain. He had been here just three months. 
When the news of this voy-age reached Eng-land, 

Hen-ry VII., 
who was king at 
the time, sent 
John Ca-bot a- 
cross the sea to 
the west to 
claim all the 
land he could 
find for Eng- 
land. In those 
days, when a 
ship came to 
some place 
which was not 
known of by the 
peo-ple of Eu- 
rope, the man 

SIR FRAN-CIS DRAKE'S CHAIR. MADE FROM RE-MAINS OF WllO liaCl Cliarge 
THE GOLDEN HIND. T i. L U ^ 

oi the ship 
would land, and with much pomp, claim the whole 
place for his king. 

Ca-bot sailed west as Hen-ry VII. wished, and 
in time came to Nov-a Sco-tia. This was in the year 
1497, so he was, in truth, the first to reach the main 




From Leif to the Pilgrims. 19 

land of A-mer-i-ca. In 1579 Sir Fran-cis Drake, an 
Eng-lish-man, sailed in a ship called the " Gold-en 
Hmd" for the new world. He came to steal from 
c-ie Span-iards the gold and spoils they, in their turn, 
iiad ta-ken from the na-tives ; but he saw much of 
the new land on his way up the coast of the Pa-cif-ic. 

But Ver-raz-za-no, an I-tal-ian by birth, who sailed 
in a ship of the king of France, was the first white 
man, after Leif, to come to New Eng-land. In 1524, 
he sailed up the coast and saw both New-port and 
Cape Cod, which he spoke of to the king in terms 
of praise. At first he was looked up to and liked by 
the na-tives, for he was the first white man they had 
ev-er seen, and they tried to make friends with him, 
and did all they could to please hmi. Once, when a 
young man from his ship was a-bout to drown, they 
saved his life. But the French, it seems sad to say, 
were not good to the poor In-dians, and paid for this 
kind act by a bad one. They stole a small In-dian 
';irl and took her on board the ship. They tried to 
take a big one at the same time, but she made so 
much noise, they were forced to let her go. 

So the na-tives soon learned that they could not 
trust Ver-raz-za-no and his men ; and the bad name 
he won from them went be-fore him, so that by the 
time his ship reached the coast north of Cape Cod, 
the In-dians would not let him land, but forced both 



20 



History of New England. 



him and his crew to stay in their boats. When they 
had things to trade with the French, they would put 
them on the end of a long pole, tie them well, and 
then pass them down to the boat. It seems sad that 




VER-KAZ-ZA-NO S SHIP. 



the In-dian, who was like a grown up child, should, 
from the first, find out that he could not trust the 
white man. 

How wild and lone the whole New Eno^-land 



From Lcif to the Pilgrims. 2T 

coast must have seemed to Ver-raz-za-no and his men, 
who were used to the moun-tains of France and 
I-ta-ly! and what a strange sight his ship, with its 
white sails spieid to the breeze, must have seemed 
to the poor In-dians, hid by the trees, as they watched 
it ghde down their clear, still wa-ters ! They thought 
at first it came from heav-en ; and that the white 
men, with their clear, bright skins, were gods. But 
they must have learned the truth when their dear 
ba-by girl was snatched from their midst. 

When Ver-raz-za-no had gone back, New Eng- 
land was not seen by white men of whom word has 
come to us, for a long term of years, — the space of a 
man's life time. Then, in 1602, Bar-thol-o-mew 
Gos-nold sailed from Eng-land, straight to the west, 
and reached Cape Ann in a cruise of sev-en weeks ; 
which was then thought to be quite a short time in 
which to cross the seas to the New World. 

He sailed down by Cape Cod, to which he first 
gave that name, and stopped on one of the E-liz-a-beth 
Is-lands, in Buz-zard's Bay. This is-land still bears 
its old In-dian name of Cut-ty-hunk. 

Here he built a house, the cel-lar of which may 
still be seen. There were deer on the isle, but no 
Red men ; there were sas-sa-fras trees all about, the 
roots of which were dug up by Gos-nold and his men, 



2 2 History of New England. 

and stored in their ship ; for the bark was then thought 
much of xw Eno^-land as a drugr. 

The same year, he sailed back to Eng-land with 
his twen-ty-eight men, and his load of sas-sa-fras, and 
did not come back ; but the name of E-liz-a-beth Is- 
lands, giv-en by him, lasts yet ; and so does that oi 
Cape Cod, — though Cap-tain Smith changed it to 
Cape James, for a few years. 

Next year came Mar-tin Pring for more sas-sa- 
fras ; but he did not get on well with the Red men, 
and soon went back. 

Next, when e-lev-en years more had passed, came 
Cap-tain A-dri-an Block, from Hol-land. In 1614, 
he sailed up the " East Riv-er," and built a log fort 
on the spot where New York Cit-y now is. The whole 
is-land he called New Am-ster-dam ; a name which 
it kept for fif-ty years. Then he sailed through Long 
Is-land Sound, and close to the coast of Con-nec-ti-cut. 
He went for a short way up both the Hou-sa-ton-ic 
and the Con-nec-ti-cut riv-ers. He then passed the 
end of Long Is-land, and came to a bit of white sand 
and green grass, which he called by his own name. 
Block Is-land. He it was, who gave the name ot 
" Roode" to what is now Rhode Is-land. That same 
year Cap-tain Smith sailed up the coast and made his 
map of New Eng-land. 



The Red III en. 23 

CHAPTER III. 

THE RED MEN. 

While the white men came and went, and all 
Eu-rope looked up-on this land as new, the Red men 
or In-dians, who had known no oth-er world, thought 
it as old as time. They lived their wild life on these 
lone shores, and did not dream that some day the 
place might not be theirs. The men fished and went 
far back in the woods to hunt for game, while the 
wo-men cooked, and tilled the soil. They had no 
i-ron tools, so went to work in what we should call an 
odd way, to clear their fields. First they would burn 
down the trees on the spot where they wished their 
corn field to be, then they dug the ground with sticks 
of wood, or stone hoes, which they made of hard stone 
or flint, from which they broke off bits till the right 
shape was reached. Then they would hunt in the 
woods for a small straight tree ; it must be young and 
in a place where it would grow well. They cut 
through the trunk of this by means of a sharp piece 
of flint, and placed the. stone axe or hoe in the slit, 
which they tied up with bark twine. If the tree did 
not die, in time the trunk would close round the stone 
and orrow so ti^ht that it could not be moved. Then 



^1 ^^^^-.'-^i:. 




The Red Men. 25 

the tree was burned down, and the axe-head with its 
helve left for use. These were thought much of by 
the In-dians ; and this was not strange, as it took 
some years to make them, and they were left by fa- 
ther for son through a-ges. They had hoes made of 
wood, of the bones of the deer, and of tur-tle shells 
tied to sticks ; and with these the girls scratched up 
the soil. Then they made the holes three or four feet 
a-part, and placed in each four or five grains of corn. 
As the corn grew it looked much as you see it to-day. 
Beans, which formed part of the na-tives' food, grew 
with the corn, and pump-kin vines ran wild through 
the fields. 

In the fall the wo-men and girls, who did much 
of the hard work, cut the stalks, husked the corn, and 
stored it for their win-ter's food. Then the men would 
join them in a wild dance, and all would have a good 
time. These were the first New Eng-land husk-mg 
bees, iDut no white man had been to one then ; they 
had not seen the In-dian corn at that time. You all 
have seen pop-corn ; most of you have popped it ; but 
you did not know that these same In-dians first 
taught us how to pop corn. They called it "the corn 
that blos-somed," which was a ver-y sweet name for it. 

They made " sue co-tash" from the corn and beans 
which grew in their fields, and baked hoe-cake on a flat 
stone or on the bot-tom of their pot, just as our grand- 



26 



History of N'cw England. 



moth-ers used to make them on a flat board set up in 

front of the lire. 

They ground their meal be- 
tween flat stones, and mixed it 
with wa-ter for their cakes. When 
they were to go on a long tramp, 
they took a sack of this which 
the wo-men had parched, and 
used it for food on the way. 
They mixed it with wa-ter from 
a sprmg, or m win-ter with the 
snow by the path, and ate it so. 
New Eng-land dough-nuts 
are well known to us all; but did 
you know that the In-dians made 
dough-nuts long be-fore the white 
men came ? They dropped small 
balls of meal in-to hot ma-ple sap, 
and thouo^ht them TOod. I think 
most girls and boys of to-day 
would think so too. From the 
husks of the corn, they made 
mats, — and balls with which the 
young played ; for the In-dian 
boys and girls were fond of 
sports, and loved their games of 

tag or ball quite as well as you do yours. 




IN-DIAN PIPES. 



The Red Men. 



27 



Thev all Ined in huts, called wio:-\vams, made of 
bark, or the skins of wild beasts, and stretched ov-er 
a frame of tree branch-es ; and they dressed in the 
same kind of skn^s. The men were fond of bright 
tints, and each would paint his face and dress with 
the briofht clay found near his wior-wam. Thev made 

CD J <ZJ J 

pipes of a kind of stone, and used them when they 
met to talk of the great things the tribe must do. 




IN-DIAN CA-NOE. 



These wig-wams were hot in sum-mer and cold 
in win-ter. They had no chairs ; a heap of dry leaves 
and twigs and the fur or skin of a bear formed their 
bed, while a great pot made of clay was used to cook 
their food in and to eat it from. You may be sure 
they did not stay in the house much of their time ; 
and the free life in the clear, crisp air made them a 



28 



History of iXeiu England. 



laree, strone race. The In-dians (3f New Enor-land 
were tall, fine men. Their skin was a dull red, and 
they had large dark eyes and long coarse black han". 
They were brave and had no fear of pani, but were 
as cru-el as could be to those who were in their 
pow-er. 

They loved their young- ; and the sons were taught 
with much care all thev thouoht an In-dian ouo^ht to 
know. They were made to fight, run, and swim, 




IN-DIAX SNOW-SHOE. 



catch game and fish, and kill and scalp their foes. In 
the warm months, they pad-died on the bays in small 
light boats, made of bark or skins, and called by them 
"ca-noes." From these they fished for the food so 
much used by all the tribes. They were fond of 
clams, and the great banks of shells found on the 
sites of their homes show us that these formed a laro-e 
part of their food. They made the first clam-bake, 
long be-fore Rhode Is-land had a name, and from 



The Red Men. 29 

them the white men first learned how to cook these 
shell-fish by means of hot stones and sea-weed. 

In the cold months they found it hard to catch 
game, and some-tmies whole tribes suf-fered for want 
of food. The snow was deep and the win-ters were 
cold, in those far-off days, w^hen the white men were 
not seen on these shores ; and the poor In-dian would 
have found it hard to get his food or go from place to 
place, if it had not been for the snow-shoes he made 
and wore on the smooth soft crust. 

His life seems hard and bare to us who now live 
in the place he once knew as home, and we feel sad 
as we think we shall know him no more ; but if he 
were here to-day I fear we should not love him, and 
we might not treat him as well as our fath-ers did 
when they first came here to dwell. We shall learn 
more of him and his ways as w^e read on in this 
his-tor-y of that small part of A-mer-i-ca known as 
New Eng-land. 



30 History of Nczv England. 



CHAPTER IV. 

THE PILGRIMS. 

In 1608 the Pil-grims, as they have since been 
called, left Eng-land, the land in which they were 
born, and went to Hol-land. They did this that they 
might wor-ship God in a way they thought right. 
The KintT made all who lived in his realm o-q to the 
Church of Eng-land, so they went to live in Hol-land. 

But the boys and girls who were born in their 
new home, with those who were quite young when 
they first came, spoke much in Dutch, which they 
heard most of the time. This made the Pil-grims 
sad ; for they feared their own sons would soon not 
know how to speak their own tongue. This, and 
some oth-er things, caused them to make up their 
minds to come to A-mer-i-ca. 

Two ships were to bring them, and ma-ny of the 
strong young men and wo-men of the place went on 
board and set sail for Eng-land in Ju-ly, 1620. In 
Sep-tem-ber they left for the New World. The 
Speed-well, one of the ships, went but a short way 
and then turned back ; but the May-flow-er kept on, 
and a slow, hard time she had. The small ship 
leaked, and the wind blew hard the whole time, so 







MAV-FLOWEK AT SEA. 



2,2 History of New England. 

that it was No-vem-ber when they saw the land of 
New Eng-land not far off. Their hearts were full of 
joy, as they looked up-on the New World for the first 
time. 

The Pil-gnms did not mean to come to Mass-a- 
chu-setts, but were on their way to the Hud-son 
riv-er, where, they had been told, was a nice place 
for their home. But the cap-tain of the May-flow-er 
found his ship leaked so much that he did not dare 
to sail through the rough wa-ter just south of the cape, 
so he was forced to turn to the first land he saw ; and 
that land was Cape Cod. 

What a lone, drear place it must have seemed to 
them, with the cold gray sea at their backs, and no 
house or friend to greet them on the shore. Trees 
and sand, with here and there a low shrub, were all 
they could see. It was cold, and no leaves were on 
the trees. They had thought to get here the month 
be-fore, while it was yet warm, and were to found 
their home near men who were at New Am-ster-dam ; 
but now they knew they were near no col-o-ny, no 
friends ; while the near-est white men were two hun- 
dred miles off. 

To be sure they still had a ship ; but the cap-tain 
warned them day by day that they must be quick to 
find a place for their home. His food would not last 
long, and he must keep some for his crew to eat on 



The Pilo'riius. 



33 



their voy-age back. The crew were tired, and wished 
to sail home ; so at last some of them said that if the 
Pil-grims did not choose a spot for the new col-o-ny 
soon, they would turn them and their goods on shore 
and leave them. 

It was not an ea-sy task to find such a place, for 
the sail-boat must first be fixed, and this would take 




SIGN-ING THE A-GREE-MENT IN THE CAB-IN OF THE MAY-FI.OW-ER. 

some days. They went to work with a will ; and in 
the mean-time they wrote a page of rules in which 
they said they would help each oth-er, make laws as 
they should need them, and do the best they could 
to make their home a good one. Then for-ty-one of 
the men siorned their names to it. 



34 . History of N'eiu England. 

Now some of them went on shore to look at the 
place ; but they feared to go far from the ship. They 
were not gone long, and brought back with them 
some strange wood, which they said smelled sweet, 
for the fire. But they saw no house or man. The 




FlKSr " WASH T)AV" OF PIL-ORIM MOTH-ERS. 

next M on-day, the Pil-grim moth-ers went on shore 
to wash their clothes ; and the twen-ty-eight small 
folks begged so hard to go with them that we may 
be sure they went too. The men paced the shore 
with their guns in their hands, on watch for an 



The Piloriins. ^c 



en-e-my, should he come that way ; while their wives 
washed and rinsed their clothes in the salt sea. They 
were glad to be on land once more. 

In a few days, Cap-tain Miles Stan-dish and six- 
teen men went up the cape to look at the place. 
They saw no In-dians, but came to some of their 
homes and graves. In one place they found a bas- 
ket of corn, which they took back to the ship. They 
meant to pay for it if they found the own-er, and so 
they did. 

Two or three times they mad^ trips up from the 
shore, and at last, eigh-teen went in the sail-boat to 
find the site for their home. They chose the spot 
where Plym-outh now stands, and then went back to 
the May-flow-er. In five days she sailed up the bay 
with all on board. Here one hun-dred and one Pil- 
grims came to live ; and a hard time they had the first 
win-ter. 

It is said that the foot of a vounof orirl Ma-ry 
Lhil-ton by name, was the first to press " Fore-fath- 
ers' Rock," as the stone up-on which they stepped 
Irom their boat was named. If you should go to 
Plym-outh, \ov\ would be shown this same rock, which 
has been kept with care all these years. 

In the ship was John Car-ver, their first go\^-er- 
nor, El-der Brew-ster, their pas-tor for the time, Cap- 
tain Miles Stan-dish, Wil-liam Brad-ford, and Ed- 




FORE-FATII-ERS' KOCK. 



The Pilgrims. 2>7 

ward Wins-low. One dear ba-by boy was born on 
the ship while they were on their way. He was the 
son of Wil-liam White, and was named Per-e-grine. 

Gov-er-nor Car-ver and his wife and child died ni 
the first few weeks ; and by spring, on-ly for-ty-six of 
those who came in the May-flow-er still lived. 

They were kind to the red men, and in turn were 
helped by them. A-mong the first they saw was one 
who came from what is now Maine. His name was 
Sam-o-set, and he had learned to speak some Eng-lish 
from the crew of a ship that had come there for fish. 
When he saw the Pil-grims, he called out, " Wel-come 
Ene-lish !" Then he told them that the o^reat chief 
of the land was on his way to see them. This was 
Mass-a-so-it, the chief of the Wam-pa-no-ags. 

Wil-liam Brad-ford, who was then gov-er-nor, kept 
Sam-o-set to tell him what Mass-a-so-it said ; for the 
In-dians could not speak Eng-lish, you know. When 
the great chief came. Gov. Brad-ford gave him a few 
gifts, and thus won his heart, so that a trea-ty was 
made which was kept fif-ty years. Nine-ty chiefs, 
not as strong as Mass-a-so-it, were made by hmi to 
sign the trea-ty. 

Mass-a-so-it lived at So-wams, a small In-dian 
town on the left bank of a branch of the Nar-ra-ran- 
sett bay ; close by his wig-wam was a fine spring of 
clear cold wa-ter which ran down the slope and in-to 



The Pi I ST WIS. 



the bay, while near at hand was the great wood where 
he hunt-ed his game. That spring still flows from its 
dark fount un-der the stones ; and in time joins its 
wa-ters — as when the old chief lived by its side, — 
with those of the bay near at hand. But the In- 
dians have all gone from the spot. Since their day 
great ships have sailed from 
its side with their tanks filled 
from the pure stream. Now 
the ships come no more, but 
the old spring still runs on. 
On hot days, boys and girls 
in small boats row up to its 
mouth, and quench their thirst 
from its cool depths. 

On the far side of the bay 
lived Ca-non-i-cus, the chief of 
the Nar-ra-gan-setts ; who was 
a foe to Mass-a-so-it, and so took part a-gainst 
Eng-lish. Soon af-ter the trea-ty that I have just told 
you of was signed, he sent to them a bunch of ar-rows 
tied with the skin of a rat-tle-snake, to show that 
he would fio^ht them when he had the chance. But 
when the Gov-er-nor knew what was meant by this 
gift, he filled the skin full of pow-der and sent it back 
to Ca-non-i-cus. This act made the tribe fear the 
white men. 




GOV. CAR-VER S CHAIR. 



th. 



40 History of Nciu Efigland. 



CHAPTER V. 

THE MEN AT PLYMOUTH. 

At the time Cap-tain John Smith sailed up the 
coast, all the land from Flor-i-da to the St. Law-rence 
was known as Vir-gin-ia ; and it was the north part 
of this that he called New Eng-land. He named 
the spot which the In-dians called Pa-tux-et, "Plym- 
outh." This was in 1614, six years be-fore the Pil- 
grims came. 

He was pleased with the whole coast, and praised 
it so much when he went back to Eng-land, that the 
king gave it to some men known as the " Plym-outh 
Coun-cil." Both they and the king were in haste to 
get rich from the New World, so they urged men to go 
there to live. But no one seemed to care to go so far 
from home, and it was not till the Pil-grims came that 
white men were to be found on the soil of that part 
of the land known as Mass-a-chu-setts. They did not 
mean to come here, as you know; but had made terms 
with the Lon-don Com-pa-ny to go to the part of Vir- 
gin-ia which be-longed to them. When they found 
they were on the land of the Plym-outh Coun-cil they 
sent a man to Eng-land to buy a right of them to stay 
in the place. It was ten years when it was grant-ed. 



The Men at Plymouth. 41 

Then it took the name of " Plym-outh Col-o-ny," 
which it kept sev-en-ty-two years ; it then joined the 
Mass-a-chu-setts Col-o-ny. 

They buik but sev-en log huts the first win-ter. 
The logs were laid in place, and the chinks filled with 
mud mixed with straw, while the roofs were spread 
with flags cut from the swamps. The fire-place and 
chim-ney were of stone. They built one large house 
which was a kind of fort, which they called the " ren- 
dez-vous," and a shed for their stores. Soon they felt 
the need of a hos-pi-tal for their sick, and one was 
built. This was used more than the rest of the 
hous-es that first year, for it is said that at one time 
all but sev-en of the col-o-ny were sick. 

As time went on, the friends of the Pil-grims who 
were left in Hol-lancl and Enor-land came to the New 
Land to join them, and thus the col-o-ny grew. They 
had much that was hard to bear, but they felt it was 
in the cause of Right, so were brave and strong. 

When the place at Plym-outh be-came too full, 
bands led I^y a min-is-ter would start out through the 
woods in search of a spot for a new home. Most of 
the men, wo-men, and young ones walked ; and a hard 
time thev had on their way through the dense w^oods 
and damp lone swamps. Wlien a place was found 
which pleased them, they said God had led them to 
it, and went to work to build their homes. They 



42 



Histoi'y of N'ciu Eugiaud. 



made a strong wall, or fort of large logs, a-round the 
place ; and on its top fixed one or two large guns 
which they brought with them. Then the log hous-cc 
were built. In this way most of our old New Eng- 
land towns were first formed. 

At some times the Pil-grims were m sad straits ; 
and once food was so scarce that but five grains of 
corn were dealt out to each for a day. Think of liv- 
ing for a whole day on five 
- small grains of corn, and you 
will be-mn to know what a 
^^)il^^^^ hard time they had. These 



hard times did not last long, 
for when spring came they 
caught fish and game till the 
corn grew which they had 
bought from the In-dians and 
plant-ed. 

A short tmie af-ter Sam-o-set came to see them, 
Squan-to, an In-dian who had lived at Pa-tux-et, came 
to his old home and wished to join them. He proved 
a good friend, and taught them much ; how to fish 
and hunt as the In-dians did, and, with the rest, how 
to plant the corn. They must wait, he said, till the 
oak-leaf was as bii^ as a mouse's ear, and then dio- the 
holes ; in each they must drop one or two fish and 
three or four grains of corn. In this way they w^nild 




FIVE GRAINS OF CORN. 




THE CHIL-DREN SOON LEARNED TO LOVE SQUAN-TO 



44 History of N'ezv England. 

have a good yield. They did as he bade them, and 
in the fall had a large crop. The chil-dren soon 
learned to love Squan-to, and were fond of walks ni 
his arms. 

The wives spun and wove, and the men cut 
down the great trees, and made from them things 
for the house, such as stools and bench-es ; and in 
time built ships, so they could send to Eng-land the 
fish and furs they did not need at home. 



CHAPTER VI. 

HOW THE PIL-GRIMS LIVED. 

When a man had built his house, he put in it 
what few thmgs he had brought from his old home, 
then made what more w^as want-ed. Some of the 
Pil-o^nms were of the fine folk of Eni{-land, and thev 
had more and bet-ter things than the poor of the col- 
o-ny. A strong, large chair for the man, and at 
times one for his wife too, were found in the log 
house. Two or three chests of draw-ers were brought 
from the Old Coun-try, and some sil-ver spoons. 
They slept in great high post-ed bed-steads, while the 
boys and gn*ls were glad of the low "truck-le-bed, ' 
which was kept out of sight in the day-time. Low 



How the Pilo^rims Lived. 



45 



stools made of logs were used for chairs ; and at one 
side of the one room was a set of shelves where the 
pew-ter plates were kept. These were scoured each 




SPIN-XIXG. 



day with fine white sand and soft soap, and shone 
hke sil-ver, as the light from the great fire-place played 
up-on them. 



46 History of N^ciu Engiand. 

These fire-places were large, so that great logs 
could be burnt in them ; and the good wives cooked 
their food in i-ron pots or on boards in front of the 
blaze. The spin-ning-wheel and the loom each had 
a place in the room, and the great ta-ble of oak was 
used to eat from. When night came on, the fire was 
heaped with ash-es to keep it through the night. As 
they all went to bed at dark, no lamps were used. 
But they learned from the In-dians of the pine-knot 
can-die, and used it when some one was sick, or at 
times w^ien a light was need-ed in the night. 

A kind of bread, dark and coarse, was made of 
rye, wheat, or bar-ley meal ; and formed the chief 
food of the col-o-ny. This was the " Bos-ton Brown 
Bread" so much liked by all New Eng-land folk. 
You must think when you next eat a piece, that the 
Pil-grims lived on just such bread for ma-ny years. 

When the first crop of corn was ripe, the In- 
dians showed the white men how to pound the grains 
and sift the meal. The fine part the wives made into 
bread, and the coarse, which the In-dians called 
" hom-i-ny," they made in-to mush, and ate it with 
milk, as we do now. Large fields of cran-ber-ries 
were found on Cape Cod, and the Pil-grims ate this 
fruit with their meat. We do the same. They leaked 
and l^oilecl the great cod which they caught off the 



Hcnu the Pilo-riius Lived. 



47 



coast, and all had a feast when some man had the 
luck to kill a deer in the woods. 

When the In-dians showed the white men they 
could not be trust-ed, Miles Stan-dish, the best sol- 
dier in the col-o-ny, formed a com-pa-ny of which he 



m 














PIL-GRIMS GO-ING TO CHURCH. 



was cap-tain ; and these, well armed, were to guard 
the place. 

On the "Sab-bath day" all were made to go to 
meet-ing. At the hour of nine, a drum-mer went 



48 



History of Nezu England. 



through the street and beat his drum. Then each 
came out of his house and walked to the ren-dez- 
vous. Some of the men went first with their euns 



m 



tl 



leu' 



handi 



then the Gov-er-nor and El-der 
Brews-ter came, and last the 
rest of the men with their 
wives, boys, and girls ; while 
their serv-ants brought up the 
rear. In church the men kept 
then* guns where they could 
get them quick-ly, for they 
feared the In-dians more and 
more, as they learned to know 
them. 
_ __ To-ward night, on the 

EL-DER brews-ter's CHAIR. Sab'bath day, a man went to 

each house to find out if all had been to meet-ing. 

If a-ny had not been and could show no good cause 

why, they were pun-ished. 




TJie White Alen at iVeyinoitth. 49 

CHAPTER VII. 

THE WHITE MEN AT WEY-MOUTH. 

In the spring of 1621 the Pil-grims sent a few 
men through the woods to learn what they could of 
the land north of them, which Cap-tain Smith had 
praised so much. Squan-to told them that the Mass- 
a-chu-setts In-dians were bad men, who had tried 
them be-fore now, and that they would kill the whites 
if they could get the chance. So the band went well 
armed. They saw both tribes, went to their vil-lages, 
and came back in safe-ty. They said the land near 
the Charles riv-er was a fine place to live, and wished 
they had made their home there. But their hous-es 
were built, and it was now too late to change. 

The next year, 1622, six-ty men came from Eng- 
land and made their home at Wey-mouth, a short 
way from Plym-outh. These were not good men, 
but were paid by a man named Wes-ton to come here 
and hunt furs for him. They did not save food for 
their win-ter's need, and then stole corn from the In- 
dians, which turned them to foes. They sold their 
clothes for food, and some died from the cold. They 
went so far as to brino^ wood and wa-ter for the In- 
dian squaws for a bit of corn cake or meat. 



50 History of Nciu England. 

Thouofh a few of the In-dians seemed to be their 
friends, the tribes had made up their minds to kill all 
the white men in the land. They feared the Eng- 
lish would take all their lands from them, and in a 
short time there would be no woods in which to hunt 
for game ; so they all joined and formed a plan by 
which they would clear both col-o-nies from the land. 
Then it was that Mass-a-so-it, the friend of the Eng- 
lish, came to their aid. 

At this time the Pil-o'rims heard that the o-reat 
Chief was ill ; so Wins-low and a few men went to 
Sow-wams to see him. When they reached the 
place they found him quite as ill as they had heard. 

The med-i-cme men of the tribe were mak-ing a 
loud noise to drive the sick spell a-way, and the old 
Chief was blind. But when he was told that the 
Eng-lish had come he called them to his side. Then 
he said to Wins-low, whom he knew well, " Oh 
Wins-low, I shall not see you more !" 

He did not die, thanks to Mr. W^ins-low, but in 
time grew strong and well. Then he said '' Now I 
see the Eng-lish are my friends and love me, and I 
will not for-get the kind thing they have done to me." 
It was then that he told them of the plot the In-dians 
formed to kill them. 

The men at Wey-mouth found out the plan at 
the same time, and as they were weak and had but 




MASS-A-SO-IT TELLS WINS- LOW. 



51 



52 



History of A^ciu Englaiid. 



MvM ^im 




few arms, they sent a man to Plym-outh to beg for 
help. Then Cap-tain Miles Stan-dish and eight men 
went to them, and in time killed two of the head In- 
dians, sent some of the men back to Eng-land, and 
brought the rest to Plym-outh. This was the end of 
the first Mass-a-chu-setts Col-o-ny. 

Soon af-ter this a min-is-ter named Wil-liam 
Black-stone came to Shaw-mut, and built his house 
on a spot which is now in • Bea-con Street, Bos-ton. 

Here he lived on the corn 
he raised, the fish and 
game he caught, and the 
milk from his one cow. 

Bos-ton owes much to 
Wil-liam Black-stone's 
cow, for it is said the first 
streets of that ci-ty were 
laid out by the beast. 

The paths she made 
through the woods near her home were built on by 
the set-tiers, and so the streets were formed. That is 
a strange way for a ci-ty to be laid out, don't you 
think so ? 

By the year 1 626 there were a num-ber of log huts 
in and near where Bos-ton now stands. The year 
be-fore, a few men came to a place near the Charles, 
where Ouin-cy now is, and trad-ed with the In-dians. 




Jlloi'e JMcn Covic lo these Shores. 53 

They were a wild set ; and at one tmie they raised a 
great May-pole, and danced a-round it with the In- 
dian girls they could coax to joui them. These they 
gave rum to drink, and tried to spoil the good the Pil- 
grims had done. 

When the men at Plym-outh heard of these things 
they were sad ; for they thought danc-ing a-round a 
May-pole was a great sin, and to give the poor In- 
dians rum was still worse ; so they watched, and soon 
had a chance to clear the land of these bad men. 

There was a law that men should not sell euns to 
the In-dians; and w^hen they found Mor-ton, w^ho 
was the head of the col-o-ny at Mer-ry Mount, where 
the May-pole had been raised, had sold such things 
to the na-tives, and had taught them to use them, the 
Pil-grims took him to Plym-outh, tried him, and sent 
him back to Eng-land. He came back the next year 
and g^ave them more care. 



CHAPTER VIII. 

MORE MEN COME TO THESE SHORES. 

In the year 1628, the Plym-outh Com-pa-ny in 
England sold to the Mass-a-chu-setts Bay Col-o-ny a 
strip of land which reached from one o-cean to the 



54 



History of New England. 



oth-er, and from a-bove the Mer-ri-mac to a few 
miles south of the Charles ; and John En-di-cott with 
sev-en-ty men came to dwell on the spot where Sa-lem 
now stands. In 1629 two hun-dred came. But a 




TRI-MOUNT. 



part of these set-ded in Sa-lem and the rest in Charles- 
town. 

The next year Gov-er-nor Win-throp and one 



]\Iorc Alen Come to these Shores. 55 

thous-and more came and lived at Shaw-mut, — or 
Tri-mount, as Bos-ton was first called, from the three 
hills which marked the place. Of these some died 
from cold and lack of food, for they had been used to 
nice thino^s in Enof-land, and could not bear such 
hard-ships. These men, like the " Pil-grim Fath- 
ers" of Plym-outh, took life in a firm, stern way ; they 
found the ways of most Eng-lish folk too light, and the 
rites of their church too much like those of the Pope. 
The oth-er folk in Eng-land did not like to be looked 
down on and thought less good, be-cause their ways 
were not the same ; and mocked those who aimed at 
such a high, pure life, with the name of Pur-i-tans ; — 
and as such they have been known from that time. 

Each year brought more men to our shores ; and 
in all the towns near Bos-ton they made their homes. 

These men were just to the In-dians, and paid 
them well for their lands. They bought corn and 
food from them, and gave a fair price for it. It was 
at this time that El-i-ot, the great miss-ion-a-ry to the 
In-dians, came and tried to make Christ-ians of the 
na-tives. He worked with them for six-ty years, and 
made a bi-ble which they could read. When he died, 
there were five thous-and " pray-ing In-dians," as they 
were called. His name is loved by all good men. 

The Pur-i-tans felt that if they were to make good 
men of their sons, they must teach them to know a 



56 



History of N'eiv England. 



great deal ; so in just ten years from the first set-tle- 
ment at Bos-ton, they found-ed Har-vard Col-lege. 
This they named for John Har-vard, who gave them 
four thous-and dol-lars and his books. In a few 
years a law was passed that made each town fit up a 
school in which all the young should be taught. The 
same law was soon made at Plym-outh and Con-nec- 
ti-cut. 

In 1652, a mint in which to coin mon-ey was 
formed in Bos-ton. Here the first A-mer-i-can coin 

was made. It was 
called the '' Pine-tree 
shil-hno," and was 



:^'-) made 01 sil-ver. 

r or some years 
the Pil-grims had no 
mon-ey, but trad-ed 
with the In-dians for the furs, game, and fish they 
brought, with corn and fruit. At times they used 
the In-dian mon-ey called ''wam-pum." These furs, 
and dried fish, the Pil-o^rims sent to Ene-lancl, and 

1 1 • O ' 

kept up a large trade with that place, but they could 
trade with no oth-er land, for they were un-cler Eng- 
lish rule. This was hard for them, as they felt they 
would get more pay if they could send their goods to 
oth-er ports. 

In all else they were well pleased ; their land 




PINE-TREE SHIL-LIM, 



More Men Come to these Shores. 57 

gave them large crops, and just then they were at 
peace with the In-dians. The hard times they had 
borne were things of the past ; and hfe looked bright 
to them. To be sure they worked hard for all they 
had ; but they were used to that, and were pleased to 
know they were liv-ing as they thought God wished 
them to live. 

These good men thought they were right in all 
things. If one dared to think of God in a way un-like 
them, they were stern ; and if he would not give in 
to their w^ay of think-ing, he was sent a-way in the 
woods. The poor Qua-kers and Bap-tists had a hard 
time, and in some places were killed for their " her- 
e-sy," as the Pu-ri-tans called their faith. 

Thev were stranoe men, those Pu-ri-tan fath-ers 
of ours ; and for these and some oth-er of their acts 
we are sad. In 1690, or near that time, the men at 
Sa-lem had strange i-deas. They thought that some 
per-sons in their midst were led by bad spir-its to do 
wrong things. Some young girls, w^ho knew of this, 
went so far as to make their pa-rents be-lieve they 
were be-witched by such. 

They would lie up-on the floor, and roll and twist 
as if in great pain, while they would beg the church 
men to pun-ish the poor old man or wo-man whom 
they said was the cause of their troub-le. Some old 
wo-man was most of-ten the one chos-en ; and if these 



58 



History of Nezu England. 



the girls and 



A " WITCH." 



girls bore a grudge a-gainst a-ny 
one, they had but to say she was a 
" witch" to have her killed. There 
were twen-ty men and wo-men killed 
for witch-craft at Sa-lem at that time, 
and of these one was a good mm-is- 
ter. This was a great blot on the 
first page of New Eng-land his-to- 
ry, for which we all feel sad. 

It was no fun for 
boys of those days to go to church, 
or "meeting," as the Pu-ri-tans said. 
Thev had to hear a ser-mon two 
hours long, with pray-ers not cjuite 
as long. If one was tired and by 
chance fell a-sleep, the keen-eyed 
Tith-ing man would soon find them 
out, and wake them with his rod. 
Poor lit-tle boys and mrls of that 
lonor a-TO ! We should think it hard 
to sit on the hard bench ; and more 
so if we had to keep a-wake. The 
church was a small house, which was 
cold in win-ter. Each of the wives 
took with her a small square box, 
made of tin in a frame of wood, 
called a foot-stove„ This was filled 
with coals from the fire, and was 




THE "titH-IXG man." 



59 



6o HistoT)' of N'civ England. 

passed a-long the pew to each of the folk in turn. 
The wo-men wore great cloaks, made thick and long, 
which kept them warm if the weath-er was not too 
cold. The young had thick warm clothes, and so 
did not mind the cold. 



CHAPTER IX. 

FIRST WHITE MEN IN MAINE. 

The first white men who came to Maine sailed 
by its coast for the fish which were found there. 
These men came, filled their boats, and then sailed 
a-way. But it was six years or more af-ter the Pil- 
grims came to Plym-outh, that the first real homes 
were made in the place. 

In 1622, the Ply-mouth com-pa-ny gave to tw^o 
men. Sir Fer-di-nan-do Gor-ges and John Ma-son, 
the land which stretch-es from the sea to the St. Law- 
rence on the north, and be-tween the Mer-ri-mac and 
the Ken-ne-bec riv-ers. Gor-ges chose the part east 
of the Pis-c t-a-qua, and Ma-son to the west. That 
which lies in what is now Maine was Gor-ges', as you 
will see if you look at your map. 

Now, he was a good man, and wished to found a 
col-o-ny where the folk might live in peace and be 



First Wliitc Men in Maine. 6i 

hap-py. At first he hired some men to come and Hve 
on his land, and in 1630 he came with a large num- 
ber, and for a time the col-o-ny did well. The first 
men who came had a hard time. The win-ters 
were cold and food was scarce. They caught fish, 
which they sold to the Eng-lish ships, and so kept 
a-live. 

At this date, the men who lived on 'the west coast 
of Eng-land sent ships a-cross the sea in the fall, to 
catch the cod-fish, which have al-ways been found off 
the coast of New Eng-land. These ships, which 
reached the fish-ing ground by the last of De-cem-ber, 
tried hard to see which would take back the most fish, 
so they were all glad to buy, when they could, from 
the men on shore. 

This was at Sa-co ; and when Gor-ges came, he 
found-ed a place which he called Ag-a-men-ti-cus, not 
far off, which he wished to make a great cit-y. But 
the good man did not live long, and in time the few 
men who were left in Ag-a-men-ti-cus went a-way, 
and no great cit-y was formed. Gor-ges gave Maine 
its name. 

The for-mer name had been La-co-nia, and the 
In-dian tribe was called Ab-en-a-kis. They had five 
laree vil-la-ees ; two of these were in Can-a-da, and 
one on each of the riv-ers An-dros-cog-gm, Ken-ne- 
bec, and Sa-co. These vil-la-ges had strong, high 



62 History of New England. 

fen-ces built a-round them ; and the wig-wams were of 
stout poles bent in shape and cov-ered with bark. 

The French claimed Mame at first, and lived 
there for a short time in 1598. 

Great ships have been built in this State. The 
first one, of for-ty tons, called the " Vir-gin-ia," was 
built on the bank of the Ken-ne-bec by Thom-as 
Ditr-bv. It was first used to take some col-o-nists 
back to Eng-land. 

In 1652, Maine west of the Ken-ne-bec was joined 
to Mass-a-chu-setts. In 1820 Maine was made a 
se-par-ate State. 



CHAPTER X. 

FIRST WHITE MEN IN NEW HAMPSHIRE. 

The grant of land which fell to John Ma-son's 
share was that be-tween the Mer-ri-mac and the 
Pis-cat-a-qua riv-ers. This he called New Hamp- 
shire. In 1629 he sent a few men to this land, and 
the\' lived where Ports-mouth and Do-ver now stand. 

In the year 1623, six years be-fore this, a Scot-tish 
gen-tle-man, Da-\id Thomp-son by name, came to 
that bit of coast known as O-di-orne Point, which is 
now Rye. With the few men he brouo-ht, he made 
it a post, or place where the white men could trade 



64 History of Nezu England. 



with the In-dians. He caught fish too, which with 
the furs and game he bought from the In-dians he 
sent to Eng-land. He called the place Pis-cat-a-qua, 
from the stream at whose mouth it lay. This is an 
In-dian name, which means ''the branch-ing of the 
riv-er." 

Mr. Thomp-son built him a large house, and 
a-round this he made a high, strong wall. He lived 
at peace with the In-dians and paid them fair sums 
for their furs and game. 

This old house, the first m New H amp-shire, 
stood for a long time ; but now not a bit of wall is 
left to tell where it used to look off o-ver the is-land 
to the great sea at the east. On the slope near by 
are a few orraves on which the o^rass and wild vines 
grow. Here Thomp-son's men have slept through 
the long years which have passed since they and the 
In-dians lived a-lone in the fine old "Gran-ite State." 

In 1630 more men came to live on the " Mason' 
Grant," and one named Neal, a brave sol-dier, went 
up the riv-er in search of the lake the In-dians had 
praised so much. But he went the wrong way, and 
did not find it. This was the " Win-m-pi-seo-gee," 
which some of you see each year on your way to the 
moun-tains. 

In 1 64 1 the men of New H amp-shire by their 
own wish joined Mass-a-chu-setts, and were a part of 



First White Alcn in Connecticut. 65 

this col-o-ny till 1679, when they be-came the col-o-ny 
of New H amp-shire once more. 



CHAPTER XL 

FIRST WHITE MEN IN CONNECTICUT. 

The Dutch, who lived where New York now is, 
had for ma-ny years trad-ed with the In-dians on the 
north coast of Long Is-land Sound, but had shown 
no wish to live there. In 1631 Wah-gin-na-cut, an 
In-dian chief, went to Bos-ton to ask the Gov-er-nor 
to form a col-o-ny in the Con-nec-ti-cut val-ley. The 
Li-dians saw by this time that the Eng-lish were of 
use, and liked to have them near to buy their skins 
and game. 

So the chief told Gov-er-nor Win-throp that he 
would send so much corn and so ma-ny bea-ver skins 
to Bos-ton each year, if the Eng-lish would set-tie 
near the great riv-er. 

The men of Bos-ton could not do this at once ; 
and when the Dutch heard that the Pu-ri-tans mi^ht 
come to that place, they bought a small tract of land 
of the Li-clians and built Fort Good Hope. This 
was near Hart-ford. Soon af-ter, Gov-er-nor \\ in- 
throp sent a small ship un-der a man named Holmes, 



66 History of Ncio England. 

to form the col-o-ny as the In-dians had wished. He 
sailed up the riv-er past the fort. As he came near 
its walls, the Dutch asked why they, had come. The 
Fu-ri-tans said they were on their way to found a set- 
tle-ment, but the Dutch told them to go back ; when 
the Pu-ri-tans w^oulcl not turn, the fort fired up-on 
their ship. No one was hurt, and the set-tle-ment 
was made six miles a-bove the fort, where the town 
of Wind-sor now stands. The Dutch tried the best 
they could to oust them, but it was of no use, and at 
last were forced to let them stay. In a few years 
they sold their claims to the Eng-hsh. 

In 1635 a few men from W'a-ter-town and some 
of the oth-er pla-ces near Bos-ton made up their 
minds to go out west and live in a new land. They 
left in the fall, and made their way through the woods 
as best they- could. They drove their cat-tie be-fore 
them. It was so cold that they were lorcecl to stop 
near Plym-outh, and in the spring some of their men 
went back home. The oth-ers, led by the "good and 
wise" Thom-as Hook-er, went on to Hart-ford. This 
was "out west" then. In the warm months more 
men came to the Con-nec-ti-cut val-ley to live. 

Weth-ers-field was one of the spots these men 
chose for a home. In 1636 these three towns joined 
un-der one set of laws or " con-sti-tu-tion," as it was 
called, and the Con-nec-ti-cut Col-o-ny was formed. 




GO-ING TO CALL ON A FRIEND 



68 Histoi-y of Nezu England. 

This con-sti-tu-tion has been so much hked for its 
wis-dom, that much of it has been cop-ied in those of 
the oth-er States of the Un-ion. As it was the first 
writ-ten con-sti-tu tion of its kind in the world, the 
men of Con-nec-ti-cut are proud of it, and well they 
may be. 

In 1662, when the col-o-nies of Con-nec-ti-cut and 
New Ha-ven were joined, they sent to Charles II., 
who was King of Eng-land at the time, for a char-ter. 
That is, the men of the col-o-ny were so shrewd they 
wrote the char-ter they wished on a piece of pa-per, 
and had the young-er Win-throp, son of the Gov-er- 
nor of that name, take it to Eng-land for the King to 
sign. 

Win-throp was just the man to do this, for he had 
much wit, and was a good man to talk. He made 
life in the far west seem like a bright myth to the 
King, with his tales of the great woods, and the 
game found in them, the rich soil, and sweet fruits 
not found a-cross the seas. Then the fights with the 
In-dians seemed such wild, bold acts, to those who 
did not see the sad side of them, that it was not 
strange the King was so much pleased with this far-off 
land that he signed the paper as Win-throp wished. 
Of this char-ter, which bore the date A-pril 1662, 
you will hear more as you read in the his-to-ry. 

Hook-er and his men had but just built their 




PE-QLODS FIGHT THE WHITE MEN. 



JO History of New England. 

hous-es and the small "meet-ing house" you see in 
the cut, when the Pe-quod In-dians made raids on 
their homes and cat-tie. John En-di-cott was sent to 
whip them, and he did this so well that he made a foe 
of the strong tribe. 

The Pe-quods were a tribe of fierce In-dians, who 
lived be-tween the Con-nec-ti-cut Riv-er and Nar-ra- 
gan-sett Bay. The next spring they came down on 
the white men, and killed thir-ty. Now the Eng-lish 
felt that they must wage war on these In-dians; so 
nine-ty men well armed sailed down the riv-er, and 
by the Pe-quod fort a-round in-to Nar-ra-gan-sett Bay. 

When they had made up their minds to rid the 
land of this bad tribe, help came from a source they 
had not thoui^ht of. You know Ca-non-i-cus tried to 

<z> 

make war with the Pil-m'ims when he sent the bunch 
of ar-rows ; now he came to the Eng-lish, and begged 
them to let him fight the Pe-quods with them. The 
tribes were still foes, and the old chief saw in this a 
chance to get the best of his en-e-my. 

The In-dians saw the white men sail by, and 
thought they feared to land, when they saw how 
large a force they had in their fort ; so they were glad, 
and danced and shout-ed, and made all the noise they 
could, that the whites might fear them the more. In 
time they grew tired with these wild do-ings, and by 
morn were all fast a-sleep. Then the Eng-lish came 



First White Men in ConnecticiLt. yi 

up to the fort, set it on fire, shot most of the men, 
and killed the squaws and young ; so that but few of 
the tribe were left. These joined oth-er tribes ; and 
the Pe-quods were no more. Af-ter this the white 
men in Con-nec-ti-cut had no fear of the In-dians for 
some years. 

In 1637, a band from Bos-ton came to New Ha- 
ven and bouo^ht the land of the In-dians. Mr. Ea- 
ton, a Lon-don mer-chant, and John Dav-en-port, a 
min-is-ter, were the head men. This was for a long 
time called the " New Ha-ven Col-o-ny," but was at 
last joined to the Con-nec-ti-cut by the char-ter you 
have just read a-bout. 

Then Con-nec-ti-cut was a large place. King- 
Charles II. said that Mass-a-chu-setts should bound 
it on the north. Long Is-land Sound on the south, 
while " Nar-ra-gan-sett Riv-er" was on the east, and 
the Pa-cif-ic O-cean on the west. Men did not know 
at that time how far a-way the Pa-cif-ic was. 



72 History of A^cw England. 

CHAPTER XII. 

FIRST WHITE MEN IN RHODE ISLAND. 

The Pu-ri-tans were set in their ways of thought, 
as has been said; and would let no one stay with them 
who did not think and live as they did. They knew 
they were right and all oth-ers were wrong. 

When Rog-er Wil-liams, a min-is-ter of Sa-lem, 
said he felt they were too strict; that he did not think 
it well to force men to go to church, and some oth-er 
such things, they made him give up preach-ing. 
They said, too, he must leave the land. But as it 
was cold, they at last told him he could stay till 
spring, but must not preach in the time. 

For a while all went well ; then the Pu-ri-tans 
heard that he still held meet-ings in his own house, 
and they were a-bout to put him in jail, when he 
heard of it, and was warned to go to Mass-a-so-it by 
the Gov-er-nor him-self. So, in the cold snow, he 
made his way on foot through the woods to the Nar- 
ra-gan-sett. 

He first went to the house of Wil-liam Black- 
stone, in Re-ho-both, and stayed with him for a time. 
Black-stone was, you know, the first white man in 
Bos-ton. He lived there a lone qui-et life, till the 



First Mliitc Men in Rhode Island. 



72> 



white men came from Sa-lem. To be sure, it was by 
his own wish that they came. The wa-ter in Sa-lem 




PU-RI-TAN GIRL, A.D. 1 644. 

was so bad that it made the men who had come there 
to hve, sick w^hen they drank it ; and the spring at 



74 History of Nczu England. 

Black-Stone's land was sweet and pure ; so he sent for 
them to come there to live. But in time he found he 
did not like their ways, so he sold most of his land 
to them and went far off in the woods to live, where 
he could do what he thought right. 

This tract of land they set a-part as a com-mon 
field for their cows, — or a place for the men to drill 
in when they were forced to do so. That field is 
Bos-ton Com-mon. 

Then Wil-liams stopped at See-konk, now East 
Prov-i-dence ; but Gov-er-nor W in-throp sent him 
word in a kind let-ter that the land he was on be- 
longed to the Plym-outh Col-o-ny. On this, he went 
to the west shore, and walk-ing round a small point of 
land to a fine hill not far off, made his home there. 

He called this place Prov-i-dence, in thanks " For 
ma-ny oth-er Prov-i-denc-es of the most ho-ly and 
on-ly wise." These were his own words. 

Rog-er Wil-liams was a good man, and he left 
ma-ny friends in Mass-a-chu-setts. For some years 
he had been learn-ing the In-dian tongue. He had 
spent hours in their wig-wams m the smoke and dirt; 
had slept in them too, that he might learn to talk 
with the Red men and make them Christ-ians, as you 
know El-i-ot did. Now that he was cast here in a 
land filled with In-dians, he found it nice to speak 
with them. The In-dians were pleased as well, and 



First White Men in Rhode Island. 



/D 



soon be-came his fast friends. They helped him 
build his house, and when he was in need gave him 
food to eat. 

It is said that as he and his five friends came in 
sight of the wa-ter, an In-dian ran out of the woods 
and cried, "What cheer, friends? What cheer!" 

The slate rock on the west side of the See-konk 
Riv-er, on which he first stepped, is called " What 
Cheer Rock ;" and is looked up-on with pride by all 
true Rhode Is-land-ers. The fine park in Prov-i- 
dence that bears his name, was once the farm on 
which he and his In-dian friends plant-ed the corn 
for their bread. 

When his house was built, he sent to Sa-lem for 
his wife and chil-dren ; and they came to Rhode Is- 
land to live. His friends in Mass-a-chu-setts came 
to see him in his new home, and some made homes 
and stayed. He called on Mass-a-so-it at So-wams, 
ten miles a-way, and had a good friend in the great 
chief as long as he lived. The In-dian name for 
Prov-i-dence was Moo-shau-sick. 

In the spring of 1637, the Pu-ri-tans at Bos-ton 
were ill at ease, for more of their mem-bers were not 
cjuite right in their thoughts of God ; at least the Pu- 
ri-tans felt so. . They tried to make them see as they 
should, but it was of no use ; so eight-een persons 



76 History of New England. 

were sent out from Bos-ton to make a home where 
thev could. 

One bright wo-man, Anne Hutch-in-son by 
name, led these peo-ple. She had thought much, 
and felt, like Wil-liams, that the Pu-ri-tans were too 
strict. These stern men did not think that wo-men 
had a rioht to talk or think a-bout such thino^s, and 
were sad and much hurt in their hearts by her " bad 
ways," as they called them ; so sent her off. She, 
with her friends, knew they could find a home in 
Rhode Is-land ; so they made their way to that place. 
Rog-er \\ il-liams told them of a fair is-land down the 
bay w^here they might make them a good home ; he 
went with them to see it and then helped them buy 
it of Ca-non-i-cus. This was the is-land of Rhode 
Is-land, and they lived on the north end. They 
called the place Ports-mouth. 

So ma-ny came to join them, that some were 
forced to go to the south end, where New-port now 
is. Wil-liam Cod-cling-ton, a rich man, was the first 
to set-tie there. He was in time made the first 
Gov-er-nor of Rhode Is-land. 

As the land a-round Prov-i-clence was filled, men 
went down the bay to a place on the Paw-tux-et Ri\'- 
er, and lived there. In a year or more, Sam-u-el 
Gor-ton, a man who went from place to place to 
preach, came there. The men of Paw-tux-et did not 




DRUM ROCK. 



77 



yo History of Nciv England. 

want him, and turned him out, — as the Bos-ton peo- 
ple had once done to them. 

Then Gor-ton bought a spot the In-dians called 
Shaw-o-met, and went there to live. The place is 
now known as War-wick Neck. 

Here is to be seen the far-famed " Drum Rock," 
which was used by the In-dians to call then' band to- 
geth-er, when for a-ny cause they felt the need of do- 
ing so. It rests up-on two points, and is so well 
poised that it can be moved by the hand, and it is 
said, is at times rocked by the wind. When start-ed, 
it moves for some time, and makes a dull sound 
which can.be heard a Ions: wav. On still nio'hts it 
has been heard as far as six or eio^ht miles. How 
strange it seems to use a rock for a drum call. 

In 1 64 1, Rich-ard Smith set up a trad-ing post 
on the west side of the bay, on land he bought of the 
Nar-ra-gan-sett tribe. The town of W ick-ford now 
stands on the spot. 

There was now war in Eng-land for a long time, 
and the Col-o-nists ceased to think or ask much of 
that land, l^ut ruled in the New World as they 
liked. In 1643, Mass-a-chu-setts, Plym-outh Col-o- 
ny, Con-nec-ti-cut, and New Ha-ven joined their 
strength to bet-ter fight their foes, — the Dutch and 
the In-dians. They called this un-ion The U-nit-ed 
Col-o-nies of New Eno^-land. 



First W^Jiitc Men in Rhode Island. 79 

Rhode Is-land wished to join ; but Rog-er Wil- 
liams was a Bap-tist, you know, and the Pu-ri-tans 
were not friends of this sect ; so they told the Col-o- 
nies of Prov-i-dence and Rhode Is-land they need 
look for no help from them. 

This was not the wofst thing in the case. The 
Plym-outh Col-o-ny said they owned a large part of 
the poor lit-tle col-o-ny, and Con-nec-ti-cut claimed the 
rest. No one knew just where the lines which 
bound-ed these col-o-nies ought to be. Prov-i-dence 
un-cler Rog-er Wil-liams, and Rhode Is-land un-der 
Cod-ding-ton, were so weak that it seemed they would 
soon cease to be. So in 1652 Rog-er Wil-liams came 
back from Eng-land with a char-ter which joined the 
two. 

In Ju-ly, 1663, Charles II., who, you know, gave 
Con-nec-ti-cut the char-ter they wished, sent a still 
bet-ter one to Rhode Is-land. This rave to the col- 
o-ny rio'hts which the oth-ers did not have, and best 
of all, fixed the line which bound-ed their land. This 
char-ter is still to be found in Rhode Is-land, and was 
that un-der which the men of that State lived till 
1842, long af-ter the U-nit-ed States were free from 
Eng-lish rule. 



8o History of New England. 



CHAPTER XIII. 

KING PHILIP'S WAR. 

As each year brought more white men to our 
shores, the num-ber of red-skins grew less and less ; 
so by 1657, some thir-ty years af-ter the Eng-lish first 
came, there were fif-ty thous-and white men and on-ly 
thir-ty thous-and na-tives in New Eng-land. There 
were ma-ny " pray-ing In-dians" in all the tribes but 
those of Rhode Is-land; these still held their own 
faith. 

The a-ged Mass-a-so-it, who had been so good a 
friend to the Pil-grims, slept with his fath-ers ; and 
Phil-ip, his son, ruled o-verthe Wam-pa-no-ags. Phil- 
ip's home was at Po-ka-nok-et, the In-dian name for 
Mount Hope. Phil-ip was a proud, brave man, and 
would have been a good friend to the whites if they 
had done their part. But the Pil-grims were stern 
and hard, and felt that those In-dians who would not 
join the pray-ing band had no right to be thought of. 
So they bought up from time to time the land, and 
paid small sums for it, till the Wam-pa-no-ags were 
pushed in-to two small necks near the town of Bris- 
tol. 



iil!!, ■<■: mMPi, 




1 iM'rtL'* 




W 
&. 

O 

Eh 

o 



mi 



ML 



82 History of Nciu England. 

One by one they saw their best corn-fields ta-ken 
from them, and the woods where they had hunt-ed 
were fast be-ing cleared a-way. It seemed to them 
then, that they would soon be pushed in-to the bay, 
if they did not do some-thing to stop it. 

But Phil-ip, whose In-clian name was Po-met-a-com, 
was a wise chief, and did not like to make foes of the 
white men ; so he bore all this in quiet, and tried to 
keep his war-riors with him at Po-ka-nok-et, so that 
they should do no harm to the Eng-lish near by. 

He knew full well that he had but sev-en hun-dred 
war-riors he could h^ sure of aid-ing him. The Nar- 
ra-gan-setts were his foes, as they had ev-er been, and 
might take sides with the whites. All the In-dian 
tribes in New Eng-lancl were scat-tered, and he could 
not trust them as friends. 

But the Eng-lish were joined, and well armed. 
They had towns and strong hous-es to fall back to, 
and — best of all — plen-ty of food ; while he had but 
the swamps and his poor wig-wams, and lit-tle food 
stored for his men. If he was forced to leave his 
home, all his stores were to be left too ; for these were 
hid in holes dug in the ground. Holes were made, 
and then lined with a kind of bas-ket work the In- 
dian squaws made of the sweet-flag, which grows to 
this day near Mount Hope. Then the corn was 
poured in, and the whole cov-ered with flags and dirt. 



p^4£:-%. 




PHIL-IP AT MOUNT HOPE. 



83 



S4 History of New England. 

So you see it was not safe for a tribe to go far from 
home in the cold months. 

He hved on the east slope of Mount Hope, with 
his wife and ba-by boy whom he loved ve-ry much, a 
sad lone life. From his wig-wam, lined with mats 
and soft furs, he could look o-ver the land that used 
to be his, but was now well dot-ted with the log 
hous-es of the Pil-^rims. He was true to the friends 
he made a-mong the white men, and more than once 
saved them from his mad war-riors. 

At last, in the year 1774, a false In-dian went to 
the Pu-ri-tans and told tales of his chief. Then the 
white men sent word to King Phil-ip to come to them 
and be tried for the thing they had a-gainst him. His 
war-riors were an-gry at this, and killed the In-dian 
who told the tales. When the Eng-lish heard of it, 
they caught the men who had done the deed, ,and 
hanged them for it. 

This act made Phil-ip's young war-riors wild with 
rage ; and not heed-ing -what their chief said, they 
rushed upon the set-tiers in Swan-sey, and killed 
eio'ht or nine men. War was thus beoun ; and it is 
said that Phil-ip wept when he heard the white men's 
blood had been shed! He was forced to fight a- 
gainst his will ; but when he saw there was no help 
for it, he made a foe the Eng-lish might well dread. 

The Mass-a-chu-setts Col-o-ny joined the Plym- 



King Philip s War. 85 

outh, in whose grant of land Mount Hope lay, and 
in less than a month drove all the In-dians from Po- 
ka-nok-et. Phil-ip and his men spread through the 
whole land, and roused the tribes as they went. 

Now the Pil-grims went to the Nar-ra-gan-sett 
tribe, and by threats forced Ca-non-chet, their chief, 
to say he would keep the peace. He al-so was to 
give up any In-dians who were foes to the whites, 
should they come on his land. We can say here that 
he did not keep his word ; he did not mean to keep 
it when he gave it, for he hat-ed the white men quite 
as much as Phil-ip did. 

In-dians do not fight like white men. They hide 
be-hind trees or rocks, and fire at their foes, when 
they have no thought a foe is near. So the whole 
land was full of war, and no one knew when he was 
safe. Men were shot in the fields, and boys while 
they watched their sheep ; hous-es were burned, and 
whole fam-i-lies slam. Moth-ers with their babes in 
their arms, were shot down, and the sight of an In- 
dian made a strong heart quail. 

At this time Deer-field was burned, and Brook- 
field set on fire. H ad-ley was al-so fired one Lord's 
Day while the folk were all in church, but a her-mit, 
— that is a man who lived in the wood, and had 
naught to do with men, — saw the flames, and rushed 
to the church, rave the a-larm, and so saved the 



86 History of New England. 

place. Then he went back to his home, and was 
seen no more. 

A man named Beers, with twen-ty of his friends, 
were killed near North-field; and news of blood-shed 
was heard from ev-e-ry vil-lage. 

On the 1 8th of Sep-tem-ber, 1675, La-throp's 
com-pa-ny, made up of one hun-dred fine, bright 
young men, "the flow-er of Es-sex," as they have 
been called, were on their way from Deer-field to a 
near town, with the grain they had reaped, when they 
were fired on by a band of In-dians who were hid be- 
hind the trees. The white men were all killed ; and 
the name '' Blood," giv-en to a small stream which 
flows by the spot, still tells the tale of that day. 



CHAPTER XIV. 

KING PHILIP'S DEATH. 

Soon af-ter this sad day at Deer-field, Spring-field 
was burned, and m the same month H ad-ley was 
fired once more. 

But as win-ter came on, the white men had not 
so much to fear ; the leaves were off the trees, and 
there were less good spots for their foes to hide in. 
Soon the tribes went to make their win-ter home with 



King Philifs Death. 87 

the Nar-ra-gan-setts, on the west side of the bay. 
Here they built their wig-wams in the midst of a 
great swamp, and stored their food near by. 

- Now seemed a good chance for the Eng-hsh to 
pay them for the bad things they had done. So in 
De-cem-ber, a large force, un-der Cap-tain Church, 
rushed in up-on them, burned their wig-wams and 
their win-ter's food, and killed ma-ny In-dians. It is 
said that all the old men, wo-men, and young of the 
tribe died in the flames. Ca-non-chet ran a-way but 
was soon caught in a place a few miles north of Prov- 
i-dence. 

Those In-dians who got off found it hard to get 
food or homes through the rest of the win-ter. They 
were forced to scratch un-der the snow for the a-corns 
and nuts which lay on the ground ; and the blood 
stains left on the crust showed how sore their hands 
were from this hard task. They were glad to get a 
dead horse, or a cow which had been sick and died, 
to eat ; and by spring this kind of food made most oi 
them sick-en and die. You know that flesh of an-i- 
mals which have died is not safe to eat. The cow or 
ox must be in health when it is killed, if w^e are to be 
made strong by its flesh. 

Now the war had been a long time, and the In- 
dians as well as the white men were tired of it. 
While the vil-la-ges of Gro-ton, Marl-bo-rough, Wey- 




PHIL IP S MON-U-MENT. 



King Philip s Death. 89 

mouth, Med-field, and Lan-cas-ter were fired and 
burned, the In-dians were turn-ing a-gainst Phil-ip, 
and tried to lay all the blame of their woes on him. 

At last the poor chief left his wife and ba-by, and 
went back to his old home to take a last look at the 
spot he had once been hap-py in, and to see the 
graves of his fath-er and broth-ers. Here, but a 
stone's throw from the site of his wig-wam, he was 
shot by an In-dian spy, and with his death the war 
came to an end. 

The white men took his boy, who had nev-er done 
them the least harm, and sent him to Ber-mu-da, 
Avhere he was sold for a slave. In that way they paid 
Mass-a-so-it for his kind acts to them. 

In this war more than six hun-dred white men had 
been killed, and as ma-ny of their hous-es burned. 

While we are talk-ing of King Phil-ip and his 
In-dians, you may like to know how they talked, so 
here is the Lord's pray-er in Wam-pa-no-ag : — 

Noo-shun kes-uk-qut, qut-tian-at-am-unch koo-we- 
su-onk, kuk-ket-as-soo-tam-oonk pey-au-moo-utch, kut- 
te-nan-tam-00-onk ne nai, ne-ya-ne ke-suk-qut kah 
oh-ke-it. As-sa-ma-i-in-ne-an ko-ko-ke-suk-o-da-e nut- 
as-e-suk-ok-ke pe-tuk-qun-neg. Kah ah-quo-an-tam-a- 
i-in-ne-an num-match-e-se-ong-an-on-ash, ne-wutch-e 
ne-na-wun wonk nut-ah-quo-an-tam-au-o-un-non-og 
nish-noh pasuk noo-na-mon-tuk-quoh-who-nan, kah 



90 Histoiy of New England. 

ahque sag-kom-pa-gin-ne-an en qutch-e-het-tu-ong-a- 
nit, qut poh-qua-wus-sin-ne-an wutch match-i-tut. 



CHAPTER XV. 

CHURCH TAKES ANNAWON. 

Cap-tain Ben-ja-min Church had but just reached 
his home in Lit-tle Comp-ton, when word came to 
him from the men at Plym-outh that the In-dians, 
with An-na-won at their head, were in the woods near 
Swan-sey and Re-ho-both, and had caused the men 
of those towns much frieht. 

He knew that on the day of Phil-ip's death he 
had heard a great, sour faced In-dian call out "' I-oo- 
tash! I-oo-taskf and had asked one of his In-dians 
what it meant. ''That," said his friend, "is An-na- 
won, Phil-ip's great war-rior, call-ing to his men to be 
brave and fight the white men well." But the poor 
red man saw he had no chance to win, so made his 
way, with the small band of In-dians left, to the near 
woods. 

Cap-tain Church had a hard time to raise men for 
this work, for all were tired bv this time of the fiohts 
with the In-dians; but at last he made up a small 
band, and with them went to-wards the spot where 



Cluirck Takes Ann aw on. 



91 



the foe was thought to be. F^or some days they 
walked the woods, but saw no signs of them. One 




PU-RI-TAN YOUTH. \.V>. 1 644. 



day an In-dian who had just jouied the whites begged 
ap-tain Church to let him go and fetch his fath-er, 



c 



92 History of New England. 

who, he said, was about four miles from that place in 
a swamp, with no one but a young squaw. Church 
made up his mind to go with him ; for he thought he 
might learn from these new In-dians where An-na- 
won was. 

At this time Church had but one white man and 
six In-dians with hmi ; for when he came, he had 
thought to get some i-de-a of where the foe was, and 
then send back to the old fort at Po-cas-set for Lieu- 
ten-ant How-land and the rest of his men. But he 
did not like to lose what looked like a chance of find- 
ing where the In-dians were, so pushed on with his 
small force. 

When they came to the swamp, he bade the In- 
dian eo and find his fath-er, while he and his men 
wait-ed for them at that place. 

As soon as he had gone, Church saw an In-dian 
trail, or path, a few feet off in the woods, and called 
to his men to he low, some on one side of it and some 
on the oth-er. Soon they heard the In-dian howl for 
his fath-er, and in a short time some one called back. 
Now a step was heard on the path near them ; and 
next an In-dian, with a gun in his hand, came in 
sight. Back of him was a bright-eyed In-dian girl, 
or squaw. Church jet them come to where he was 
hid, then jumped up and laid hold on l^oth. He 
asked the girl what camp she came from last, and she 



Church Takes Annawon. 93 

said " Cap-tain An-na-won's." Church was glad 
then. But when he learned that An-na-won did not 
stay ni the same place two nights at a tniie, that he 
had from fif-tv to six-ty brave war-riors with him now, 
he did not quite know what to do. 

" How ma-ny miles is he from here?" he asked of 
the oirl. 

'' I do not know your 'miles,' " she said, "but if 
you start now and walk through the swamp, you wiil 
reach his place by the time the sun goes down." 
Then Church asked his men what they thought of 
the quest. Though the In-dians knew the foe they 
were to meet far bet-ter than their white friends, they 
said where Church went they would go. So all the 
rest of the day they tramped through the lone swamp, 
while the old In-dian and the squaw led the way. 
Just as the sun went down the guide told them to 
halt. "What for?" asked Church, who wished to 
push on. 

" At this hour," said the girl, " An-na-won sends 
out his scouts to make sure that all is safe ; when thev 
come back, he makes his camp, and rests for the 
nioht." 

When the shades grew black, and the stars came 
out one by one a-bove the great tree tops, the small 
band went on once more. At last they came to a 
large ledge of rock, moss-grown, and quite hid from 



94 • History of New England. 

view by the tall trees on all sides : as they neared it 
a dull sound seemed to come from the oth-er side, — 
and there, the guide told them, they would find the 
camp. 

This rock is of a strange shape ; on its north side 
the slope is so slight that one can walk to the top 
with ease, but on the south it is as steep as the side 
of a house, and some thir-ty feet high. It was un-der 
this Qfreat wall of rock that An-na-won and his men 
were at rest. Cap-tain Church crept to the top and 
looked down on the camp. 

The great In-dian cap-tain, with his son and a few 
of his head men, were near a camp fire, stretched out 
at whole length on the ground ; while the rest of the 
band was spread out in spots near by. 

At a place a short way from them were all their 
guns, placed a-gainst a rail which was stretched on 
two forked sticks. They were kept from the dew by 
a mat which was thrown o-ver them. 

In front of some of the fires, great piec-es of meat 
were roast-ing on spits ; while o-ver them huge pots 
were hung, in which their suc-co-tash boiled. 
f Near by, an old squaw was pound-ing in a mor- 
tar some dried green corn, which she thus made in- 
to meal. ' That was the dull noise they had heard 
when they first came near the spot. Down this steep 
wall they must go, or be shot; for the In-clians would 



Ciini'ch lakes Annaivon. 95 

know a foe was near if they tried to reach them by 
some oth-er way. The guides told them that An-na- 
won would not let his men come back by a-ny oth-er 
path. 

The old squaw made a great deal of noise with 
her mor-tar, and at last Church thought how he could 
reach his foes, and they not hear him come. First 
their guns must be ta-ken. So he sent the In-dian 
and the squaw on in front, and came close to them, 
un-der the great bas-kets they had on their backs. If 
An-na-won saw them, he would think they had just 
come from their hunt in the woods, and would not, 
he hoped, see the white face so near. But for fear 
he might see them. Church thought it best not to let 
the tribe hear their steps. When the old squaw 
pound-ed, they went down ; but when she stopped to 
turn her corn, they lay back on the rock to rest. 

Just as they reached the ground, young An-na- 
won saw Church ! — but in fear threw his blan-ket 
o-ver his head, and lay quite still. The brave Cap- 
tain dashed on and took the guns, and set four of his 
In-dians as guard o-ver them. Then he turned to 
old An-na-won, who had at last seen him, and stood 
o-ver him. 

" Ho-woh !" (the In-dian word for wel-come,) cried 
that old war-rior as he looked up to the white face. 
He seemed to have no thouo-ht of flioht, for he thouo^ht 




CHURCH AND AN-NA-WON. 



CJuirch Takes Annaivon. 97 

there were ma-ny more white men on all sides of his 
camp. Church let the oth-er In-dians know he would 
not harm them if they were qui-et. How could he 
with his six men? He then told An-na-won that he 
had come to sup with him. " What have you to eat ?" 
he asked. 

" Cow beef and horse beef; which will you have ?" 
he said. 

It would not be hard to guess that Cap-tain Church 
liked the "cow beef" best, or that he made a good • 
meal of it with the cakes the squaw made from the 
corn she was pound-ing when they jumped down the 
rocks. 

Then he and his men watched while the In-dians 
slept. An-na-won did not sleep, but lay with his gaze 
fixed on a lone star, through the long night. To- 
wards morn, Church saw him glance over at hmi to 
make sure he slept, and then with soft steps run off 
in-to the woods. He watched with his eyes half 
closed, and soon saw the old chief come back with a 
laroe roll in his arms. This he brouQ^ht to where 
Church lay, and with a sad face said, " Great cap- 
tain, you have killed Phil-ip, you have won his lands, 
and now you have tak-en the last of his war-riors ; the 
war is end-ed by you, and so these things are by right 
yours." Then he took from his pack a fin? belt which 
was Phil-ip's. It was nine inch-es wide, and of such 



98 History of N'ew England. 

length that when it was put a-round the neck of 
Church it hung to his feet. This was made of wam- 
pum so strung as to make fine pic-tures of birds, 
beasts, and flow-ers its whole length. He then took 
out a belt, just as fine ; which was used for Phil-ip's 
head dress. This had two flao^s that huno^ down his 
back. Now a small belt with a star on one end w^as 
passed to him ; this An-na-won said Phil-ip wore on 
his breast. At last two horns of pow-der and a large 
fine red cloth were laid by the belts, and Church had 
the full dress of state — the crown, we might say — of 
the great Wam-pa-no-ag tribe. 

An-na-won was sent to Plym-outh, and Church 
tried hard to spare his life ; but while he was off for 
a short time, the coun-cil had the old war-rior killed. 
The good cap-tain felt sad when he heard of this, but 
he could not help it then. 



Home LifP: 



99 



CHAPTER XVI. 

HOME LIFE. 




A F - T E R 

Kinij Phi 
ip's war had 
ceased, the 
P i 1 - o; r 1 m s 
hved in qui- 
et for a time. 

The wives taught their girls to sew, spui flax and 
wool, and to weave. A-nv Q-irl could knit .a stock-ino- 
I3y the time she was eight years old, and at ten she 
was made to do her share of the spin-ning. All their 
clothes were made at home, and the cloth too. The 



WEAV-ING CLOTH. 



lOO 



History of N'eiv England. 



blan-kets and sheets, tow-els and ta-ble cloths, were 
all wov-en by the wife and girls of the house. This, 
with the house-work, took up most of th'eir time. The 
Pil-grim moth-ers were neat and clean house-wives, 




A " MARM S SCHOOL 



and each girl had her share in the work. As bare 
floors were in use, each had to be scoured two or 
three times a week. But this was not all ; small 
heaps of damp sand were thrown on in spots, which 



Home Life. loi 

no doubt made it look quite fine, in the eyes of the 
Pu-ri-tan wives. On the next day, the sand, now 
well dry, was swept o-ver the floor in strange shapes. 
One, which was well liked, was called " her-ring bone," 
and was made by sweep-ing the width of one or two 
boards one way, the next Ime an-oth-er way, and so 
on the whole room. When it was done the boys and 
irirls were made to walk o-ver it with care, and in 
sum-mer could not come in at all but to eat and 
sleep. For some years the young chil-dren were taught 
in one of the hous-es, at what was called a " M arm's 
school." Here, in the same room where the " marm" 
lived, cooked, wove, and slept, she had her school. In 
win-ter the log house was not a warm place, and if one 
sat far from the great fire-place, he had to look out 
for frost-bites on his toes and ears. So in such tmies, 
the hard bench was moved up to the fire-place, and 
on it the chil-dren said their strange les-sons, while 
the " marm" spun or knit as she wished. One old, 
old la-cly who went to such a school when she was a 
small girl, told me that she was of-ten made to help 
in the work " marm" had on hand at the time. Once, 
some great bask-ets of on-ions and red pep-pers had 
to be strung, and les-sons were not said till the task 
was done. 

Then m peach time, the pits were all cracked 
and struntj for the doc-tor of the town ; and who 



I02 



History of Neiu England. 

but the "marm's" chil-dren had time for this work. 
The ''marm" took the pay, of course. 

Here is a page from one of the books the chil-dren 
used in school, in that time now so long past. Are 
you not glad you have much nic-er books to learn 
from, and are not forced to use those in v/hich " f " 
and " s" look the same ? 

At an ear-ly date a small house was built in each 

town, where the 



CrJfe wife.;. Dofe (dofe hofe bfs nofe rof''% 

Ufe Cufe mule^. Elfc. Bate date fa^e sate 
Bate late mate pare rate. Bite kte mite r;te. 
Doremotemoteivote. L'jtemufe. Cave have 
paveravefave wave. Dive Bve hive (.give live 
five). Rove (dove love^ (move). Gaze maze. 
Size. 

Mire eafy LeJJms on the forj^ot^f^ I'aVef^ covJijVmg 
of IVordi mt excesdrng Four Lsiicrs^ 

LESSON r. 

GOD doth'inind all that we fay and do. 
This [.ire is ugc long ; buc the Life to 
come has no End. 

We mult love them chat do not love us, as 
well as ihem that do love us. 

We muft pray forthem that hate Ui« 

PAGE FROM AN OLD SCHOOL HOOK. 



J-d 



oi-aer 
girls 



boys and 
went to 
school. A man 
taught in this, and 
a hard time these 
youths must have 
had un-der his 
sway. He was 
as stern and harsh 
in school as the 
tith-ino" man was 
in meet-ino-. Phil- 



e-mon Por-mont was the first school-mas-ter in Boston. 
The Pu-ri-tan chil-dren were strong and well ; but 
when they were ill with a-ny of the things you all are 
apt to have, their moth-ers did not send for the doc- 
tor as is done in these days, but the poor things were 
dosed with all sorts of bad tast-ing herb drinks. They 



Home Life. 



lO' 



were sure to get well as quick as they could, for they 
were kept in bed while sick ; and no child likes that, 
though he may have no bad tea to drink. 




SICK CHILD. 




ID you know that 
! the Pil-grims ^;^^^^- ^ ^- f j ^ ^\ 

kept the first Thanks- -^-^ "^ P 

g"iv-mg ? When they had been here a year, that is 
\n the fall of 1621, Gov-er-nor Brad-ford seta-part 
a day for pray-er and praise. They had raised a 
large crop of corn, had beans and gold-en pump-kins 
stored in their shed ; and now felt it but rioht to thank 
God for giv-ing them so much of th 
the land. 

In 1623, a long drought came on; and the Pil- 
gnms, m fear lest their crops should be spoiled, set a 
day in which they were to pray and fast. But while 
they were pray-ing, the rain came down and their 
crops were saved ; so they changed their fast to a 



[c gooc 



1 things of 



The First Thanksgiving Day^ 



10 = 



feast. Each year, in the fall, this feast was kept ; 
and was soon known by the name of " Thanks-giv- 



ing. 



First, all the folk in the place were made to go to 
meet-mg, where a long, dry ser-mon was preached. 
Af-ter that, the feast — which, by the way, I doubt if 
a-ny of my young friends of to-day would think a feast 
at all — was eat-en by each house-hold. So the first 
grand Thanks-giv-ing Days were kept. 

La-ter, as men moved to new lands, they liked to 
all meet once a year, in the old home where they had 
lived when young ; and what time seemed so good for 
this as Thanks-mv-inof Day ? 




^ ^ . laustle • in • tine • l(itcl:] e xx • 
Qt' Vifl, -.51x1211 • of • oal\e • and • ^1^5 • 
'^ (7m\iiren ■ runn'mo • i2\/eruvul]eve • 
^ ^itrj • bi'iarjlT- and •mQuderiila • eue^ 




pui^-aad- K'0iu5- o]^- ooo)d--tl]mp 



V 



io6 



History of New Englaud. 





\\- punnmn • htUe 

• To^- them 5!? I lie 5 

a • 5blprLcl'ni •. dinner 

^- ^ • on • a1r- \^<^ ■ 

25 • LiUQ '•^orl\c, • a-ciatttn'-inn • 
nDuC5 -tnot- 00 • 115 -^ast" • 

^ ' ' 5 • m -the • £iJeniuQ • 






Qn. • npTjaukc^oivliup -pau, 








New Eng-land folk have kept up this cus-tom; 
and e-ven now the great fam-i-ly finds its way back to 
the old farm-house on Thanks-giv-ing Day, and for a 
time at least, en-jovs the cold and snow^ of the harsh 
wm-try sea-son. 

Now is the time that the great goose is roast-ed 
in front of the fire, and the long lines of " pump-kin 
pies" on the shelf tell us that the brick o-ven has done 
its share for the feast. You know the "brick o-ven" 
is a great square hole made m the chim-ney when 



Sad Tunes with the CJiarters. 107 

that was first built, and was used to bake in lonof be- 
fore stoves were made. It has an i-ron door which 
is air tight. In old-en times, once a week, the brick 
o-ven was filled full of wood, which was then set on 
fire, and the door left o-pen. As the wood burned, 
the sides and top were made so hot that they held 
the heat for a long time. When the wood had all 
burned, the o-ven was swept out, and the pies, bread, 
brown-bread, In-dian pud-ding, and beans for the 
week, were put in and the door was closed. Most 
of these were left in all night, and in the morn-ing 
came out hot for break-fast. At Thanks-mv-ine 
time all these and more good things find their way 
in-to the brick o-ven, to help out the feast which none 
are too old to en-joy. 



CHAPTER XVIII. 

SAD TIMES WITH THE CHARTERS. 

When the war was at an end in Eng-land, and 
Charles II. was made Kino', Mass-a-chu-setts did not 
in the. least court his smiles. She was so used to hav- 
ing her own way in all things, that her head men did 
not like the Kino- to tell them what thev should do. 

In time, Charles turned his thouohts to this land, 



io8 History of N'ezu England. 

and sent men here to rule the folk. The col-o-nists 
would have naught to do with these ; and soon the 
King's men went back to Eng-land, quite awed by 
the stern words and set ways of the Mass-a-chu-setts 
men. 

In 1674 Charles II. gave to his broth-er, the Duke 
of York, af-ter-ward King James II., all the land 
from the Con-nec-ti-cut Riv-er to Ma-ry-land ; and 
James made up his mind to have all that land ruled 
by a man whom he should choose. He did not mean 
to give in to the col-o-nists, as Charles II. had done. 

So in the sum-mer of 1674, Sir Ed-mund An-dros 
was sent by him to be the gov-er-nor. An-dros sailed 
to Con-nec-ti-cut with some armed sloops, and tried 
to take the fort at Say-brook ; but when the men saw 
what he was to do, they ran up the Eng-lish flag, and 
thus showed him that the fort was an Ens^-hsh one. 
Then he went on land and tried to make the men 
own him their gov-er-nor. But they had the char-ter 
King Charles gave them, and in it they were to 
choose their own gov-er-nor ; so they would have 
naught to do with An-dros, and at last had the fun 
of see-ino" him sail out in the Sound, to-wards New 
York. In 1685 Charles died, and James be-came 
Kinsr. 

In De-cem-ber, 1686, An-dros, dressed in red 
cloth and gold lace, came in fine style to Bos-ton, as 



Sa(i^ Times zoith the Charter^ 



109 



KEWflUflYPOni® 



/— ^CflPS ANM 




o-ov-er-nor of all New Eno^-land. He tried hard to 

• 1 • 

have things his 

own wav, but he 

had to do with a 

race he did not 

know. He took 

their land from 

them, and made 

them pay rent 

for it. When 

they showed him 

the I n - d 1 a n 

deeds, he said 

they were "worth 

no more than the 

scratch of a bear's 

paw." 

He made 
the men pay a 
pen-ny a pound 
lor all themon-ey 
they had, and a 
poll-tax of twen- 
ty pence, to the 
King. 

In 



ma^s-a-lhu-se r 1 s coast 



1686, 

when An-dros had done all the harm he could in 



no History of N' civ England. 

Mass-a-chu-setts, he went to Rhode Is-land, and 
called for the char-ter. He did not get it that time, 
thanks to Gov-er-nor Wal-ter Clarke ; but the next 
Jan-u-a-ry he went once more, took it, and broke the 
seal. Then hard times in Rhode Is-land came on. 

In the fall of that same year, he went to Con-nec- 
ti-cut once more. Here he found the " As-sem-bly 
in ses-sion." That is, the head men were at their 
meet-ino-, where thev made the laws, or saw that those 
which had been made in times past, were well kept. 
Here he called for their char-ter, in the King's name ; 
and they did not dare to keep it from him. So they 
talked a long time o-ver it, and the room grew quite 
dark ; but still they had much to say, so can-dies 
were brought. The char-ter lay on the ta-ble, and 
some of them felt sad as they thought it would soon 
be no more. 

Just then, as the wise and good Gov-er-nor Treat 
spoke a few last words, all the lights were put out ; 
and when they were lit no chal'-ter was to be found. 
Wil-liam Wads-worth of Hart-ford, took it and ran 
to an old oak near by, where he hid it in a hole on 
one side. An-dros did not find it, though he tried 
hard to do so. That tree was the ijrand old ''Char- 
ter Oak" oi Hart-ford, which stood till a few years 



a-TO. 



The good times in the col-o-nies seemed now to 




CHAR-TER OAK. 



Ill 



112 ■ History of Nezo Eiiglaud. 

be at an end ; but help came ni a way, and at a time, 
they did not think of. James II. was made to leave 
the throne, and VVil-liam of Or-ange, with Ma-ry his 
wife, ruled in Eng-land. Ma-ry was a daugh-ter of 
James II. 

On A-pril 4, 1689, the news of this reached 
Bos-ton. An-dros soon heard of it, and tried to keep 
it from the men ; he went so far as to shut the one 
who had brought it in jail, but the news spread like 
fire. There was much joy felt by all the col-o-nists ; 
and at last, on the i8th of the month, the men of 
Bos-ton and the near towns, well armed, marched to 
An-dros' house, and made hmi their pris-on-er. 

It is but a short ride from Bos-ton to Plym- 
outh ; and in four days from that time all the King's 
men there were thrown in-to jail ; and the old pa-per, 
signed m the May-flow-er, was once more brought 
out and made the law of the place. Not one of the 
fath-ers who signed it was then a-live ; the days of 
the Pil-grims were past. A new race had sprung 
from them, which was as firm and just in its i-deas of 
the right as they had been. 



State of TJujigs in the Colonies in 1700. 11, 



CHAPTER XIX. 

STATE OF THINGS IN THE COLONIES IN 1700. 

Ix 1700 there were 94,000 folks in New Eng- 
land ; of these 2000 were slaves and 1200 In-dians. 
In Bos-ton a-lone were 10,000 souls. Slaves were 
kept in most of the homes of the rich, and were not 
w^orth more than a good cow of to-day. Eight-y dol- 
lars was thought a good, fair price for a young and 
strong slave. The col-o-nists owned at this time 190 
ships, and sent them to all parts of the world. 

Ben-ja-min Frank-lin was born in Bos-ton, on a 
spot just a-cross from the Old South Church, on 
Jan-u-a-ry 6, 1706. In the next year, 1707, w^e are 
told that po-ta-toes were served at a Har-vard din- 
ner ; but, as the balls and not the roots were cooked, 
they were not much liked. 

In I 718, a band of Scotch Pres-by-te-ri-ans came 
to New H amp-shire, and brought a few^ seed po-ta- 
toes with them. These they cut up and gave to men 
in these parts ; some e-ven found their way to Con- 
nect-i-cut. At this time men thought four or five 
bush-els a large crop ; for they ieared to eat them, as 
it was said that if one should eat them each day he 
could not live long. 



114 History of Nciv England. 

To raise these, as well as most of the gar-den 
work, fell to the wives and girls of the col-o-ny. They 
made and kept the kitch-en gar-den, where all the 
sweet herbs then in use were sure to be found, while 
a small plat in each was filled w4th the sweet old 
flow-ers now scarce ev-er seen. They al-so cared for 
the bees, two or three hives of which were thought a 
part of the well-kept gar-den. These New Eng-land 
bees were not here when the white men came, but 
all came from a few hives brought to Bos-ton when 
the place was first set-tied. The Red men called 
them the " white man's flies." 

The wives and girls milked the cows as well. 
In some parts of Mass-a-chu-setts, a man, called a 
" hay-ward," was hired by the place to care for all 
the cows in the vil-lage ; and they were kept in one 
herd and sent from place to place as the grass was 
poor or used up. Each man's cows were brand-ed, 
or marked with some mark or let-ter by a red hot 
i-ron, that he might tell them from the rest of the 
herd. If a lono- neck of land reached out in-to the 
sea near where the cows were owned, it was made 
com-mon field, fenced from shore to shore at the land 
end, and used for the cows ; for here they could not 
get out or the wolves get in. "Cow Neck" on Long 
Is-land, and the beach at Na-hant, were both used in 
this way. 



State of Things in the Colonies in 1700. 115 

At this time a great deal of ci-der was made and 
used in New Eng-land ; and it is said that in 1721, 
a place which had but for-ty fam-i-lies made three 
thous-and bar-rels. They must have worked hard to 
do this, for the ci-der mill of to-day was not in use 
then. The ap-ples were all pound-ed by hand in a 
wood-en mor-tar, like those used in mak-ing meal. 
This cheese, as it is at times called, was then pressed 
in bas-kets made at home. 

The fame of the but-ter, milk, and cheese of 
Rhode Is-land was heard at this elate ; and the cows 
of that place must have had bet-ter care than those 
of the rest of New Eng-land. For it is said that in 
the cold months, when the boys and girls of most 
parts of the col-o-nies had to soak their bread in ci- 
der, those in this place had bread and milk for their 
meals. 

Pigs were found in great droves all down the 
coast ; and some of them fed so much on the waste 
parts of the cod-fish, that their flesh had quite a 
strong taste of fish. The In-dians did not like this 
at all ; so would steal and eat the white men's dogs, 
while they left the pigs. In each house was a pork 
bar-rel, in which each fall the flesh of one or two of 
these pigs was pressed down with much salt, when it 
had been cut in small blocks. One or more smoke 



ii6 



History of New England. 



hous-es were to be found in each place, where the 
hams were cured or smoked. 

In 1667, a man named Hull — the same man 
who made the pme-tree shil-lmg — chose Point Ju- 
dith, on the south end of Rhode Is-land, as a good 
place for rais-ing hors-es ; and by i 700 the hors-es of 
this place and near the land of Con-nec-ti-cut were 




WOOD-EN PLOUGH. 



known all o-ver this New World and a-cross the sea. 
The " Nar-ra-gan-sett Pa-cers" were of these, and 
are said to have learned their stranore rait from the 
cows that were kept in the same fields with the colts. 
All the tools were of a rude form and make, and 
some were so scarce that it is said that one plough oft- 
times did the work for a whole place. The own-er 



State of Things in tJic Colonics in 1 700. 



117 



went with it and did the work for his friend, or lent 
it, as the case might be. Carts were made at home 
in the cold months. 




A NEW EXG-LAND TUMP-ER. 



These men had been here a long time when they 
first learned to make and use sleds ; for there was 
no need of such in Old Enor-land from whence they 



irS History of Neiv England. 

had come. These were made of rough-hewn logs, 
steamed and bent in shape, for the run-ners, and 
caught to the frame by means of pins made of strong 
wood. They were not fine to look at, but the col-o- 
nists found them of great use while the whole land 
was spread with a deep crust of snow. The "jump- 
er' still in use on some farms for haul-mg great loads 
of wood to the door yard, is much like those made 
by the first white men. 

The grain was all cut with the sick-le, and 
threshed with the flail. 

As you have read, Squan-to taught the men to 
put fish in their hills of corn if they would have a 
good crop ; so fish were need-ed by all. One min-is- 
ter on Cape Cod took for a part of his pay two hun- 
dred fish from each man in his meet-mg, to use in 
his sand-y corn field. 

The first pa-per in this land, the " Pub-lick Oc- 
cur-renc-es," was start-ed in Bos-ton, Sep-tem-ber 25, 
1690, by Rich-ard Pearce and Ben-ja-mm Har-ris ; 
but was stopped at once by the Brit-ish. Then 
came, A-pril 24, 1704, the '' Bos-ton News Let-ter," 
and in 1719, in Bos-ton, came out the " Ga-zette." 

On the 7th of Aug-ust, 1721, James Franklin 
and his broth-er Ben-ja-min start-ed the " New Eng- 
land Cour-ant." The " New H amp-shire Ga-zette," 
start-ed in Oc-to-bcr 1756, and the old-est pa-per in 



French and Indian Wars. 119 



this land, is now in its one hun-dred and thir-ty-sec- 
ond year. 



CHAPTER XX. 

FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 

As more white men came to New Eng-land, the 
In-dians seemed to grow less. That is, they were 
pushed back in-to the woods, or up in-to Can-a-da. 
The French had come a-cross the sea long be-fore 
the Eng-hsh made their homes m Plym-outh. They 
now lived on the coast, from the Ken-ne-bec to the 
St. Law-rence, and on the banks of this riv-er and 
the great lakes. These men tried hard to make the 
In-dians then* friends. They made their own lives 
as much like those of the In-dians as they could, 
lived in wig-wams made like theirs, and at times 
in the same one with the red-skins. Some of the 
French men took In-dian girls for wives ; and so you 
see a strong bond grew up be-tween the two. 

Now the Eng-hsh had not tried to make the In- 
dians their friends. They did not see the need of it. 
They had been just to them, had e-ven tried to make 
Christ-ians of them; what more could they do? 
That was their whole du-ty, they thought. 



I20 History of N'czv E^igland. \ 

The French did not hke the Eng-hsh much ; 
they felt they had more good things in this New 
Land than they ought. So it was an ea-sy thmg for j 
them to make the In-dians foes to the col-o-nists, as 
well. The French spared no pains to make these 
Red men see how much they had been wronged by 
the Eno^-lish, and uroed them to do all sorts of bad 
things to them, when they had the chance. These 
things led to a chain of wars, like beads on a string ; 
though they were in truth one long, long war, which 
on-ly changed its name when a new kmg ruled in 
Enor-land. 

These were : ist. King Wil-liam's War, in 1689 ; 
2nd. Queen Anne's War, in 1702; 3rd. King 
George's War, in 1744; 4th. "The Old French and 
In-dian War," from 1755 to 1763. 

The last was by far the worst of all ; though m it 
New Eng-land took but a small share. 

In these wars, the In-dians fought as they did in 
Phil-ip's time, by means of fire at night, or in the 
day-time, from be-hincl trees and stone walls. They 
chose the weak and lone hous-es for then' spoils, and 
would lie in wait a week at a time, for a chance to 
fire a house, kill the folk, and steal what they liked 
from it. Dur-ing 1704 to 1710, in "Queen Anne's 
war," the towns of Hav-er-hill, York, Ex-e-ter, Do- 
ver, Sud-bu-ry, Gro-ton, and oth-ers in New Eng- 



French and Indian ]]\irs. 



I 21 



land, were set on fire by the In-dians; and some 
were all burned to the ground. 

A sad sto-ry is told of a man named Thom-as 
Dus-tin, who lived in Hav-er-hill, Mass-a-chu-setts. 
The In-dians had been on the watch for him to 
leave the house for 
some time. At last 
one morn-ing they 
saw him with his gun 
in hand start for a 
field some way from 
the h o us e . Then 
they rushed up to his 
home. Mr. Dus-tin 
saw them, and came 
back in tmie to save 
sev-enof hischil-clren. 
But his wife was sick 
in bed with a new 
ba-by at her side, and 
the In-dians were so 

placed, he could not Ntw eng-land ba-ry of a.d. 1700. 

get to her room. With the sev-en chil-dren, he ran 
off to the woods, kill-ing the In-dians who tried to 
stop him. 

Mrs. Dus-tin was pulled from her bed, and with 
the ba-by, her nurse, and one lit-tle boy, who was 




[22 Histoiy of New England. 

in the room at the time the In-dians came, was 
forced to go with the foe. Soon the ba-by was killed 
and thrown in-to the brush, for the In-dians said j 
they could not run so fast while she had that with 
her ; when they were tired and faint, their foe made i 
a camp for the night ; but they now learned that they ] 
had been spared on-ly to be killed in a sad way on 
the next day. They could not sleep ; who could in 
such a plight ? Mrs. Dus-tin was a brave wo-man, 
and thought hard what she could do to save them i 
from their fate. At last, when the In-dians were all ^ 
a-sleep, she gave a sign to the boy and nurse, who 
each caught a '' tom-a-hawk" from a near foe, and 
while the sleep-ing band were in doubts what had 
come to them, these brave folk killed those who 
came in their way, and made off in a ca-noe to the 
near-est house. Here they were cared for, and m 
time went back to their home and Mr. Dus-tm. 

This state of things made the men of New Eng- 
land feel far from safe ; and once more they knew all 
the sad ills which come from fio-hts with In-dians. 
Still they were not as bad off as their friends in the 
west or far south. 

When thinos in the col-o-nies had been bad for a 
long time, the men tried to think of some way by 
which the French could be kept in their own lands, 
and the fights — if there must be such — kept there 



French and Indian Jfd7'S. 



12 



too. To help them, Eng-land and France, on the 
oth-er side of the sea, were at war ; so they thought 
of a plan which did this for them. The col-o-nists 
sent men to Eng-land to urge the kmg to send ships 
to the St. Law-rence, to fight the French there, and 
to take Can-a-da from them, if that could be done. 
They gave their word to the king that they would 
do all in their pow-er to help in this ; for they knew 




ROO^[ IX A 1 



rox HDi'SK, A. n. 1700. 



in that way they would save their homes and fam-i- 
lies. 

North of Maine, on the is-land of Cape Bre-ton, 
was a strono- fort called Lou-is-burQ^. On-lv one fort 
in A-mer-i-ca was as strono^ ; that was Oue-bec, on 
the St. Law-rence. This fort of Lou-is-burg was 
held by the French, but the Eng-lish wished to 
take it from them. 



124 History of N'ciu England. 

In A-pril, 1745, a fleet with three thou-sand 
men sailed from Bos-ton to Can-so, where it was 
joined by a large num-ber from Rhode Is-land, 
Con-nec-ti-cut, and New Hamp-shire. These were 
all led by Wil-liam Pep-per-ell. They had but 
twen-ty-one field piec-es, or large guns ; while there 
were one hun-dred and sev-en large can-non m the 
fort. But the men were strong and brave ; and af- 
ter a siege of fif-ty days, Lou-is-burg was theirs. It ' 
was a grand day for New Eng-land when these men 
came home to Bos-ton, for it meant peace and qui-et 
to the land once more. 

In 1748, the French and Eng-lish met at a place 
in France called Aix-la-Cha-pelle, to sign a pa-per, 
which was called a treat-y. By it they a-greed to be j 
friends, and stop the war ; and Eng-land gave back 
to the French, the hard-earned Lou-is-buro^ fort. 

In less than six years, the Eng-lish and French 
were at war once more; so the "treat-y of Aix-la- 
Cha-pelle," as it was called, did not do much good for 
the col-o-nists. This war was o-ver the French and j 
Eng-lish lands in A-mer-i-ca, and most of the fight- 
ing took place here. The French claimed a large 
part of this land ; — all, in fact, that was drained by 
the Mis-sis-sip-pi Riv-er or its branch-es. If you 
look at your map you will see that takes a large part 



T/inigs zu/u'ck Led to the Revolution. 125 

of our land. The Eng-lish wished the same part, 
and the two could not come to terms. 

Though the col-o-nists in New Eng-land helped 
much in this war with both their mon-ey and men, 
not much of the fioht-ino- was done in their midst. 
Af-ter a long, hard fight the Eng-lish won ; and 
Can-a-da, as well as most of that part of A-mer-i-ca 
which is now known as the U-nit-ed States, was 
made one great Eng-lish col-o-ny. 



CHAPTER XXI. 

THINGS WHICH LED TO THE REVOLUTION. 

You have seen of what a firm race these New 

Eng-land men were. They bore all kinds of hard 

things for the sake of truth and right, but they would 

have naught to do with what they thought to be 

wrono". 

As the col-o-nies o^rew rich throuo-h the hard 

• I'll 

work and strong wills of their men, Eng-land wished 

to get all the mon-ey out of them she could. For 

years, you know, when they were hav-ing such hard 

times w4th the In-dians, when food was scarce, and 

no mon-ey was in the land, she had left them quite 

a-lone. They could l^e of no use to her then. But 



126 Histoj-y of Nciv Engiaiui. 

now A-mer-i-ca was a fine place, and she was proud 
to own it as her own. But hke some folk, she was 
so ea-ger for gain that she went too far, and as you 
will soon see, lost all. You have all read the sto-ry 
of the goose that laid the eggs of gold, and of the 
old wo-man who killed her to get more eggs. Well, 
Eng-land was quite like that old wo-man in the 
sto-ry. 

Far l^ack, in 165 1, Eng-land made a law that 
A-mer-i-cans must trade in none but Eng-hsh ships. 
Then in 1660, she said no for-eign ships should go 
to these A-mer-i-can ports. 

In 1663 she made still an-oth-er law that all 
things sent from one col-o-ny to an-oth-er must be 
taxed. That is, if Con-nec-ti-cut raised more corn 
than she need-ed for her own food, and so sold some 
of it to Bos-ton, or New York men, she must pay a 
part of the mon-ey she got for it, to Eng-land. At 
last the col-o-nists were bade not to make such thino's 
as they could buy from Eng-land ; for the Eng-lish 
wished to sell their goods, and none would buy if 
thev could make them here. 

That Eng-land might get still more mon-ey, the 
King said that all A-mer-i-cans must write their 
deeds and law work on one kind of pa-per, which 
had a stamp on the top of the page. 

This pa-per the col-o-nists could not make, but 



Things IV hick Led to the Revolution. 127 

must buy of men sent from Eng-land to sell it to 
them. 

The whole land from Mame to Geor-gia was 
much tried by this act. The men sent here fled 
back to Eng-land; so that when the time came for 
the law to be put in force, no one was found who 
could sell the pa-per. So the col-o-nists wrote on 
the same kind they had used, and took no no-tice of 
the "Stamp Act," as it was called. 

All these things did not tend to make the men 
on this side of the sea love Eng land. 

When the King saw that the Stamp Act did no 
good, he gave it up ; that is, he said it should be a 
law no lono^-er. But he and his chief men still 
looked to see where they could get cash out of 
the A-mer-i-cans ; and at last thouoht of a fine 
way. 

The col-o-nists, and most of all, the Mass-a-chu- 
setts men, ought to be put down, he thought. They 
were too free and wil-ful in their ways. He would 
send a lot of sol-diers to Bos-ton, and the near towns, 
who should see that his law was kept. These sol- 
diers were in the Eng-lish ar-my, and so were paid 
by the King. Now he could save by this plan, for 
he would make a law that the Bos-ton folk must 
take the sol-diers in their homes, and give them food 
and good rooms to sleep in. Then he thought of a 



128 History of New England. 

nice plan by which the col-o-nists should pay them 
their wa-ges as well. 

A tax was laid up-on some things which were 
brought to this land, and the cash from this was to 
be paid to the sol-diers. These plans were, no 
doubt, wise and well made, but the King and his 
men did not know the kind of men they had to deal 
with here. 

Late in the year i 'j(^'^, Gen-er-al Gage sent to 
Bos-ton two sets of sol-diers ; but the folk of the 
town would not give them the fine rooms or food the 
King wished, and Gen-er-al Gage had to pay board 
for them all. This did not please the King, but still 
he sent more troops here. These were served as 
the first had been. 

There was no love felt for these sol-diers, and 
thev knew it. Cross words passed from them to the 
men of the towns, and were paid back with force ; 
but John Ad-ams, Sam-u-el Ad-ams, John Han- 
cock, and oth-er head men tried to keep or-der, and 
hold the A-mer-i-cans in check. They saw that a 
great war was to be, but did not care to start it. 

In and near Bos-ton, the boys and girls felt the 
wrongs their fath-ers had to bear; and at times 
showed this in a plain way. One day an of-fi-cer 
rode up to a small boy who with his sis-ter had just 
picked a pail of ber-ries. He jumped from his horse 











'/-^ ^ • A //i^-— z^' 



"7 







<J\ 



"i don't care to sell them, sir." 



129 



J30 History of i\cw Jingla?ia. 

and came quite close to where the child stood 
"Well, my lad," said he, "give me those ber-ries 
and you shall have this half crown." 

" I don't care to sell them, sir," said the boy, as 
he put them back of hmi. 

" But you can pick more, and I would like those 
for my lunch," urged the man. " Here, I'll give 
you this," said he ; and he placed one more coin m 
his hand. 

" I can't sell them to a red-coat! " said the lad, as 
he and his sis-ter jumped the fence and ran home 
through the fields. 



CHAPTER XXH. 

BOSTON MASSACRE. 

Just at dusk on March 5, 1770, a part of the 
Brit-ish troops met a few men in one of the streets of 
Bos-ton, and in a short time hard words passed be- 
tween them. Then more men came up, and at 
length, more sol-diers too. No one knows just what 
was said ; but at last all were an-gry, and it was but 
a step more for the sol-diers to take their guns and 
shoot in-to the crowd. Three men were killed and 



Boston Rlassacre. 



131 



eight wound-eel. This was the first blood shed in 
the Rev-o-lu-tion. 

When news of it spread through the land, all 
saw that the time they had feared was not far off, 
and each town, m a still way, raised all the guns and 
oth-er thnigs used in war it could, and stored therh 




SITE OK OLD BEA-CON. 



in some safe place, where they could be found when 
they were need-ed. 

At this time the Bos-ton boys made snow slides 
for their sleds, on one side of the Com-mon, as their 



132 History of N'ciu England. 

fath-ers had done, and as the Bos-ton boys do now. 
Through the cold months they felt that this part of 
the Com-mon was theirs, and the men of Bos-ton 
were glad to let them have it for their sports. It 
was near the old bea-con which gave its name to 
Bea-con Street years be-fore. But the sol-diers liked 
to tease, and had not much to do, so they spoiled 
these slides as fast as they were made. 

One cold morn, Gen-er-al Gage — who, by the 
way, was a kind man at heart — was called up-on at 
his rooms by some of the boys. When he saw them 
he said : 

" Why have you come to me?" 

"We come, sir," said one who took the lead, "to 
ask you to pun-ish those who wrong us." 

"Why, my boys, have your fath-ers made reb-els 
of you too, and sent you here to talk as such to me ?" 

" No one sent us," said the boy, while his bright 
eyes flashed at the thought of his wrongs ; "we have 
not harmed your sol-diers in a-ny way, but they have 
cut up our ice, and torn down our snow hills. We 
found fault, and they laughed at us, and called us 
'young reb-els;' last night our slides were torn down 
once more, and we will bear it no long-er !" 

"Great heav-en !" said the Gen-er-al to a man at 
his side, "the ve-ry chil-dren draw in the love of lib- 
er-ty with the air they breathe !" Then he turned 




BURN ING OF THE G \S-PF.E. 



133 



1 34 History of jVeio England. 

to the boys, and told them they might go ; and be 
sure that if a-ny of his men made troub-le for them 
in the days to come, they would be pun-ished. 

Bos-ton was not the on-ly place tried by the 
Eng-lish sol-diers at this time. The King sent a 
ship called the "Gas-pee" to the Nar-ra-gan-sett 
Bay, to see if his laws were kept in Rhode Is-land. 
The head men of this ship were rude to the col-o- 
nists, and in turn were not liked by them. 

One bright day in June, 1772, a Prov-i-dence 
ship on its way to that town did not fire a gun, or 
sa-lute, as she passed the Gas-pee ; this made the 
cap-tain of that ship so an-gry that he chased the 
*'reb-el craft" far up the stream. But in his haste to 
pun-ish his foe, he ran on a shoal which the oth-er 
ship had passed, and could not get off. That night 
some brave men rowed down from Prov-i-dence, and 
set fire to the Gas-pee. The point of land v/here 
she was burned is still called Gas-pee Point. This 
act made the King an-gry, and was one more step 
to-wards the war. 

One of the things taxed by the King, was the 
tea sent to A-mer-i-ca by the East In-dia Com-pa- 
ny. The col-o-nists at once gave up that drink, and 
the com-pa-ny could not sell its tea. At last the 
King saw that these folk were firm, and were not to 
be led ; then he felt some fear that they might make 



The Great Tea-pot. 135 

him more troub-le ; so he said the tax-es need not be 
paid. This he did to please the col-o-nists. But to 
show them that he had a right to tax them, — they 
said he had no such right, — he kept a small tax on 
the tea. This was so small that tea brought to 
A-mer-i-ca did not cost as much as it did m Eng- 
land. Now, the Kmg thought, they would not 
mind the tax ; and he would have his way. 



CHAPTER XXIII. 

THE GREAT TEA-POT. 

This made the East In-clia Com-pa-ny glad; and 
they sent four ships full of tea to A-mer-i-ca. One 
of these came to Bos-ton. But when it reached 
there, the Mass-a-chu-setts men would not let it land 
the tea. The gov-er-nor, whom the King had sent, 
said the ship must not go back to Eng-land ; for he 
knew that when thir-ty days had passed, his troops 
could force the men to let the chests of tea be 
brouoht to the shore. 

The men of Bos-ton knew this as well, and were 
not long at a loss what to do. One night a large 
meet-ing was held in the ''Old South Church," 
where the wise men of the place spoke long and well 



136 



Historv of N'civ Eno'land. 



of the sad times in the col-o-nies. As it closed, 
strange men dressed as In-dians were seen in the 
streets, but no one seemed to know just who they 
were. Some word hke " tea" was heard from tmie 
to time, but the troops did not heed it. On the 

morn it was found that these men 
had gone on board the ship in the 
night, and turned o-ver three hun- 
dred chests of tea in-to the sea. 
Af-ter that, Bos-ton Bay was at 
tmies called ''the o-reat Bos-ton 
Tea-pot." 

The King was more an-gry still 
^/ when he heard how the tea had 
been served, and said he would 
whip the Bos-ton men well for this 
act. So he sent still more liojos 
to the town. 

The seat of pow-er, that is, the 
place where the laws are made, 
was chanijed to Sa-lem. Bos-ton 
must be ru-ined if he could do it. 
The port was closed to all ships 
but the Eng-lish war ships, and such as brought 
food or wood to burn. This law was called the 
'' Bos-ton Port Bill." All the col-o-nists in A-mer- 
i-ca were made an-gry by this bad act of the King's, 




RAKE CHT-NA. 



TJir Great Tea-pot. 



^Zl 



and meet-ings were held in all parts of the land to 
join the strength of the col-o-nies, and thus throw off 
the Brit-ish yoke. For by this time all saw that 
war must come, ere men on this side of the sea could 



have their rights. 




CO-LO-.M-AL FAM-I-LV AT IIREAK-FAST, A.U. I770. 

It seemed sad that this must be, for now there 
was much wealth m the col-o-nies, and fine hous-es 
were seen in all parts of New Eng-land. Some rich 
men owned slaves. This was wrong, as you know ; 



138 History of New England. 

but the men of those days did not think it so. The 
homes were well filled with nice things, and much 
sil-ver and chi-na had found its way to this side of 
the sea. Bits of rare chi-na and glass-ware from far 
a-way were placed on shelves, and were much 
prized by the good wives of the towns. 

But all were not of this rich class ; some still 
lived on their farms, and wore clothes made from 
wool grown on their land. Their boys and girls 
were taught in the small, cold school-hous-es, seen in 
all parts of New Eng-land ; but they grew up bright 
and orood, and made men and wo-men of which our 
land may well be proud. 



CHAPTER XXIV. 

PAUL REVERES RIDE. 

The col-o-nists had a large store of guns and 
food at Con-cord ; and the Brit-ish, who looked well 
to what their foes were do-ing, knew of this. In the 
first part of A-pril, 1775, Gen-er-al Gage made plans 
to burn these stores. The A-mer-i-cans were told of 
this and watched him well. They were well joined 
now, and all the men in New Eng-land were rea-dy 



Paul Reveres Ride. 139 

to fight at the least no-tice, if they were need-ed ; 
hence they were called ''min-ute men." 

One day a large troop of Brit-ish sol-diers was 
seen on the com-mon ; and the pa-tri-ots, as we will 
now call the col-o-nists, knew tliey were to go for the 
stores. So the brave Gen-er-al War-ren, who fell at 
Bun-ker Hill, at once sent Paul Re-vere to rouse 
the land. He crossed the Charles at dusk, and 
took up his lone watch ; for he was not to start till 
he had a sign from the town. Up and down the 
bank of the riv-er he walked, with his eye on the 
spire of the North Meet-ing-house. At last two 
lights were seen to shine from its dark side, and by 
them he knew the Brit-ish were soon to start. Then 
he sprang on his horse and dashed on through the 
night, call-ing all he passed to arms. By morn the 
towns were up and in arms. 

When the Brit-ish reached Lex-ing-ton, they 
found six-ty-eight armed men, led by Capt. John 
Par=ker, drawn up on the com-mon of that place. 
These Gen-er-al Pit-cairn with a bad oath told to go 
home, but they would not move. Then the Brit-ish 
fired, and e-lev-en men fell dead, while nine more 
were wound-ed. Then the pa-tri-ots left the field, 
and just then the sun came up in the east and shone 
on the sad sioht. 

The Brit-ish were now in haste to reach Con- 



140 History of Nezu England. 

cord, where the stores were to be found. On their 
way they saw men com-nig from all points, and 
armed with all sorts of guns. When they reached 
Con-cord they went to look for the stores, some by 
the way of North bridge and some by the South, but 
they found naught. At last, near the North bridge, 
they fired on the pa-tri-ots in their rage. These men 
were not to send the first shot, but now they felt 
they were right m fir-ing back, and they did this so 
well that the Brit-ish were forced to turn and run to- 
wards Bos-ton. Shot flew at them all the way down 
the road, from the guns of the min-ute men hid be- 
hind trees and stone walls, and they reached Bos-ton 
at last in a much more sad frame of mind than when 
they left it a few hours be-fore. 

The news of this fight spread through the col-o- 
nies ; and all now saw that they must take part in 
the war, if they were to have their rights from Eng- 
land. They did not hope to be quite free from her 
at this time. Mass-a-chu-setts sent word that she 
need-ed more troops, and fif-teen thous-and soon 
came to her aid. Gen-er-al W^ard led those from 
Mass-a-chu-setts; Gen-er-als Spen-cer and Put-nam, 
those from Con-nec-ti-cut ; Gen-er-al Green, those 
from Rhode Is-land; and Gen-er-al Stark, those 
from New Hamp-shire. On June 15, 1776, New 
H amp-shire called her-self free from Eng-land, and 




A '• iMIN-UTE MAN. 



T4T 



14- History of Nczv England. 

on the next day, June 17th, Con-nec-ti-cut did the 
Seine. 



CHAPTER XXV. 

BUNKER HILL. 

More Brit-ish troops were now sent to Bos-ton, 
and Gen-er-al Howe was their chief. The pa-tri-ots 
saw that there was no time to lose, so vo-ted to throw 
up a breast-work on Bun-ker HilL On the i6th of 
June, 1775, twelve hun-dred men, armed with guns 
and spades, met just at dusk in Cam-bridge, and with 
Gen-er-al Put-nam at their head marched to Breed's 
Hill. Here they threw up a bank of earth six feet 
hio-h in the nio^ht. It was lono^ af-ter sun-rise the 
next morn when this first met the eye of the cap-tain 
of a Brit-ish ship not far off. 

"What have the Yan-kees done on that hill ?" he 
cried, m rage, to a man near by. He thought the 
term "Yan-kee" was a bad one, and did not dream 
that we should some day be proud of it. 

"They have built a breast-work, sir!" said the 
man. 

He made sure that this was so, then fired up-on 
it from his ship. The Brit-ish were at times called 



Bunker Hill. 



143 



*' red-coats," — for they wore fine reel cloth clothes. 
Now their reel forms could be seen all o-ver the 
com-mon ; for they had heard the guns, but did 
not know what they meant. 

That night the sun went down on as sad a day 




GKN-ER-AL PUT-NAM AT HOME. 



as Bos-ton ev-er knew. A hard bat-tie had been 
fought ; and the red-coats had won, if it could be 
called that. No doubt our men would have oained 
the bat-tie if their pow-der had last-ed ; l^ut when 



144 History of Nciu England. 

that was gone, they gave up, and left the field. In 
this bat-tie the Brit-ish loss was more than looo, 
while that on our side was but four hun-dred and 
fif-ty. It was just at the close of the bat-tie that the 
brave War-ren fell. All New Eng-land was sad 
when news of that day's work was known. 

Some five weeks be-fore this, E-than Al-len, of 
Ver-mont, took the strong fort at Ti-con-de-ro-ga, on 
Lake Cham-plain, from the Eng-lish. This bold 
act gave great joy to the pa-tri-ots all through the 
land. It was planned in Con-nec-ti-cut ; and the 
small band of men grew larg-er as it passed through 
Mass-a-chu-setts, on its way north. But the chief 
praise, next to E-than Al-len, is due to the "Green 
Moun-tam Boys," as the men of Ver-mont were 
called. 

On May lo, 1775, E-than Al-len, with eigh-ty- 
three men, crossed the lake, and rushed with a war- 
whoop through the o-pen gate of the fort. The 
Brit-ish lead-er jumped from his bed, and with his 
clothes on-ly half on, ran out of his room to see what 
was the mat-ter. When he saw these strange men, 
he asked them by what right they were there. 

'Tn the name of the great God and the Con-ti- 

nen-tal Con-oress!" Al-)en cried. This was a bright 

. . . 

speech, as the Con-ti-nen-tal Con-gress was not sit-ting 



Washiugion Takes Charge of the Army. 145 

at that hour ; it was to meet that day at noon for the 
second time. It first met on the 5th Sep-tem-ber, 
1774, at Phil-a-del-phia. 



CHAPTER XXVI. 

WASHINGTON TAKES CHARGE OF THE ARMY. 

At the meet-ing of Con-gress in Phil-a-del-phia, 
in May, 1775, it was thought best to raise an ar-my 
of twen-ty thous-and men. George Wash-ing-ton, 
from Vir-gin-ia, who, when a young man, had done 
some brave deeds in the French and In-dian war, 
was called to be its Com-man-der-in-Chief. 

On the third day of Ju-ly, 1775, Wash-ing-ton 
came to Cam-bridge to take charge of the ar-my. 
Un-der the old elm on Cam-bridge Green, he took 
his sword. It was a fine tree then ; but old and 
torn now, it still stands, propped up to keep it off 
the ground. A slab of stone stands at its bas-e, that 
reads : 

Un-der This Tree 

WASH-ING-TON 

First Took Com-mand 

OF THE 

A-MER-I-CAN AR-MY, 

Ju-LY 3, 1775. 



146 



History of New Engla^id. 



He lived for a short time in an old gam-brel 
roofed house which still stands. In this same house 
Ol-i-ver Wen-dell Holmes was born, and in it he 
wrote "Old I-ron-sides." 

Wash-ing-ton went from here to the house which 
for ma-ny years was the home of Hen-ry W. Long- 




WEL-LOME HOME. 



fel-low, the great-est po-et that A-mer-i-ca has ev-er 
known. 

Af-ter the bat-de of Bun-ker Hill, the Bos-ton 
folk had a hard time. Through the long, cold win- 
ter food and wood were dear, and hard to oret. The 



Fj^ec at Last. 147 

towns near did all they could to help theh' friends, 
but the red-coats tried to make life ni the town as 
hard as they could. 

One night in March, 1776, Wash-ing-ton had a 
long hne of breast-works thrown up, on the top of 
Dor-ches-ter Heights; he had planned for some time 
to get this point, as it was a good place from which 
to fire up-on the Brit-ish troops in Bos-ton. 

When Gen-e-ral Howe saw them on the next 
morn, it is said that all hopes of hold-ing Bos-ton fled 
from his mind. At first he thought to fight them 
from his ships, but soon gave up the plan. And 
now, when his last chance was gone, he took all his 
troops on board his ships and sailed off. 

There was great joy in Bos-ton when the last 
red -coat had gone. As these ships sailed a-way, 
Gen-er-al Wash-ing-ton and his men marched in-to 
the town. 



CHAPTER XXVIL 

FREE AT LAST. 

On the 4th of Ju-ly, 1776, the Con-ti-nen-tal 
Con-gress gave the Dec-la-ra-tion of In-cle-pen-dence 
to the world. 



148 History of Neiu England. 

It is said that Rich-ard Hen-ry Lee, of Vir-gin- 
la, was the first to put forth the claim that this land 
should be free. John Ad-ams of Mass-a-chu-setts 
took up the cause ; and in a short time a num-ber of 
men were named to see how this could be done. 
They were John Ad-ams, Ben-ja-min Frank-lm of 
Penn-syl-va-nia, Rob-ert R. Liv-ing-ston of New 
York, and Rog-er Sher-man, of Con-nec-ti-cut ; 
and of course Mr. Lee was of the num-ber. Ben-ja- 
min Frank-lin was born in Bos-ton, but spent most 
of his life in Penn-syl-va-nia, and so is said to be- 
long to that State. 

Con-gress told these men to write a pa-per which 
should tell to Eng-land and the rest of the world 
that the men of the col-o-nies had made up their 
minds to be free. Mr. Lee was to write this; bat 
his wife was sick at the time, so he was forced to go 
to her ; and Thom-as Jef-fer-son was named in his 
place. When this pa-per was done it was signed 
by John Han-cock and Charles Thom-son. The 
oth-er fif-ty-six names which are seen at its end, were 
placed there on Au-gust 2nd. 

When the news of this step went through the 
land, there was great joy felt by all. F^ ranee was 
glad too, fdr she had not made up with Eng-land 
for tak-ing all this land from her. Now that it had 
passed out of Eng-land's grasp, the French sent 



Free at Last. ■ 149 

words of good cheer to its folk, and in time sent brave 
men to help them. 

In the wm-ter of 1777, Gen-er-al Try-on, with a 
small Brit-ish force, burned Dan-bu-ry, Con-nec-ti- 
cut. But the pa-tri-ots did work, as well, in these 
cold months. 

At Sag Har-bor, on Long Is-land, the Brit-ish 
had their stores of food. Col-onel Meigs, with a 
force of A-mer-i-cans, went a-cross the Sound to the 
place, burned the stores, and took nine-ty of the 
Brit-ish. On his way back he burned twelve of the 
foe's ships ; and, best of all, he did not lose one of 
his men. 

All this time, the Brit-ish held New-port, Rhode 
Is-land. Gen-er-al Pres-cott, their com-man-der, lived 
in a house some ways north from the town. On the 
night of Ju-ly loth, in that same year, Col-onel 
Bar-ton crossed Nar-ra-gan-sett Bay from the main 
land, pulled Gen-er-al Pres-cott from his bed, and 
took him to the A-mer-i-can lines. This was done 
so still that the Brit-ish at New-port did not know of 
it till the next morn. 

One year from this time, a force of Brit-ish men 
burned New Ha-ven, Fair-field, Nor- walk, and 
some oth-er towns of the Con-nec-ti-cut coast. That 
fall the Brit-ish left New-port. 

All this time the war w^as in the west and south, 



150 • History of N'czv England. 

and New Eng-land sent men and gold to help the 
cause. 



CHAPTER XXVIII. 

THE WAR STILL GOES ON. 

Let us now see what was done ui Ver-mont in 
1777. Of all the gen-er-als sent by Eng-land none 
could boast of the great things they were to do like 
Bur-goyne. He would soon put the A-mer-i-cans 
where they ought to be. 

In Ju-ly he came down from Can-a-da, went up 
Lake Cham-plain, and took Ti-con-de-ro-ga with 
ease ; for but a small force held the fort, and they 
left when they saw his ar-my. Then he felt sure 
that he could do what he liked, he and the bad In- 
dians in his band. So he made up his mind to 
send to Ben-ning-tbn,' in Ver-mont, and get the food 
and guns the A-mer-i-cans had stored there. He 
found that his own were too few for the great ar-my 
he had to feed and keep in guns. 

Gen-er-al Baum was sent with a eood sized force 
to do this. He was told to seize all the hors-es 
and cows he found on the way. The A-mer-i-cans 
heard of this move, and a band of brave men from 



The Wai' Still Goes On. 151 

Ver-mont, Mass-a-chu-setts, and New H amp-shire, 
un-der Col-o-nel Stark, who had fought at Bun-ker 
Hill, set out to meet Baum. Col-o-nel Stark was a 
firm, brave man ; and it is said of him that just as his 
men were to fight, he called out to them, "There are 
the red-coats ! Be-fore niijht we must beat them, or 
Mol-ly Stark is a wid-ow !" With such a man to 
lead, and such true men to fight, we might know 
that the A-mer-i-cans won. This fight at Ben-ning- 
ton gave hope and joy to all the land. 

In Oc-to-ber of the same year, Gen-er-al Bur- 
goyne, with his whole force of five thous-and men, 
was tak-en by the A-mer-i-can Gen-er-al Gates. 

The Brit-ish had lived at New-port since the 
last part of the year 1776, and no one had tried to 
oust them. But in Ju-ly, 1778, D'Es-taing, one of 
the men sent from France to help the A-mer-i-cans, 
came to the Nar-ra-gan-sett with twelve ships and 
four thous-and men. He was sent to Phil-a-del-phia, 
but did not reach the Del-a-ware till the Brit-ish had 
left the place. He feared that the bay at New 
York was not as deep as his ships would need, so 
sailed to New-port. All the A-mer-i-cans in Rhode 
Is-lancl were glad at the move, for now they felt 
they could drive off the en-e-my. As he came in 
sight, twen-ty and one of the Brit-ish ships were 
burned, to keep them from the A-mer-i-cans ; for the 



152 History of New England. 

Brit-ish thought that their last chance was gone. 
Gen-er-al Pi-got held New-port with six thous-and 
men. Sul-li-van, at the head of ten thous-and men, 
was at the north end of the Is-land. He had Gen- 
er-als Greene and La-fay-ette as chiefs. The fleet 
and land force were to join on Au-gust 12th in an 
ef-fort to oust the Brit-ish ; but for some cause Gen- 
er-al Sul-li-van moved first, and failed to let D'Es- 
taing know of it; while D'Es-taing wait-ed in vain 
for a word to start. At last, on the 9th, when the 
French fleet was read-y, a Brit-ish fleet of thir-ty-six 
ships, with Lord Howe at its head, sailed in-to 
New-port. D'Es-taing put to sea, but the Eng-lish 
would not fight. At this pomt a great storm came 
on, and sent both fleets to the right and left. They 
were ten days at sea; and when D'Es-taing's ships 
came back to the bay, they were so much torn by 
the storm that he thought he must take them to 
Bos-ton to have them fixed. But now he did a 
strange thing : he took all his force — some four 
thous-and men — on board, and had them go too. 
The A-mer-i-cans in Bos-ton as well as in Rhode 
Is-land did not see the sense of this, as he might 
have left them to help Sul-li-van, and sailed with a 
few men as well. The A-mer-i-cans pushed on, and 
soon were well down on the Is-land. The Eng-lish 
fell back to New-port. When at last Sul-li-van 



Tiic ]]\ir Still Goes On. 153 

planned to fight on the 29th, his men held the three 
roads which run the leno^th of the Is-land, and Oua- 
ker, Tur-key, and Butts hills. But the Brit-ish 
heard of his move and in their turn went up to- 
wards the mid-die of the Is-land to meet him. Here, 
just north of Ports-mouth grove, a great fight took 
place ; in which, though the A-mer-i-cans were forced 
to turn back, they lost but two hun-dred ; while the 
Brit-ish lost one thous-and men. Gen-er-al La-fay- 
ette was heard to say when it was o-ver that it was 
the best fouorht bat-tie of the war. It last-eel sev-en 
hours. Then, as Sul-li-van heard from Wash-ing-ton 
that a large Brit-ish fleet was on its way from New 
York to help, he took his whole force a-cross to Tiv- 
er-ton, in the night ; and the next morn one hun-dred 
Brit-ish ships un-der Clin-ton sailed in-to New-port 
har-bor. Clin-ton was an-gry when he found that 
the A-mer-i-cans had gone, and so did all the harm 
he could to their coast. He sailed east and burned 
New Bed-ford and Fair Ha-ven, with all the ships 
at then" wharves. 

At this time all thought New-port would be the 
large ci-ty of this land. Its wa-ters were o-pen when 
all oth-ers were closed with ice ; and so it was that 
the Brit-ish tried hard to hold it. They did not 
quit the Is-land till Oc-to-ber of the next year, 1779. 



1 54 History of Nezv England. 



CHAPTER XXIX. 

BATTLE OF NEW LONDON. 

In 1 78 1, Clin-ton sent a man named Ben-e-dict 
Ar-nold, with sev-en-teen hun-dred men, to burn 
New Lon-don, in Con-nec-ti-cut. Ar-nold was born 
in this place, and had, but a short time back, turned 
foe to the A-mer-i-cans, and formed a plan to give 
the fort at West Point up to the Brit-ish. The plot 
was found out in tmie, and so came to naught. 

New Lon-don made and fit-ted out ships to fight 
the Brit-ish, and Clin-ton wished to stop this. Then 
he sought to draw Wash-ing-ton, with his men, to 
the north, — who was then on his way to Vir-gin-ia ; 
a move the Eno--lish feared. 

Ar-nold reached the mouth of the Thames, Sep- 
tem-ber 6, 1781. Here he had his men land. The 
part which he led went up on the side on which 
New Lon-don stands, while the rest went up the 
Gro-ton side. Not far from New Lon-don was 
Fort Trum-bull, which at the time had but twen-ty- 
three or four men, un-der Cap-tain Shap-ley. When 
the Brit-ish reached that place and fired on the fort, 
these men fled to Fort Gris-wold, on the far 1:)ank of 







hark! I HEAR GU 



NS. 



^55 



156 History of New England. 

the stream. The force of Brit-ish which went up on 
that side, firecl up-on Fort Gris-wold ; but for a long 
time were kept back. At last, when the Brit-ish 
Cap-tain learned how small the force in the fort was, 
he told his men to scale the walls. A hard, brave 
fight the small band still kept up to hold their post, 
but the Brit-ish were five men to one man of the 
A-mer-i-cans, and the bat-tie soon told a-gainst them. 
When all hope had fled, their chief, the brave Lieu- 
ten-ant Col-o-nel Led-yard, told them to lay down 
their arms, — which meant that they gave up the fort 
and them-selves to the foe. Had the Brit-ish done 
right, they would have stopped the fight then ; but 
they did not, and still fired at the poor men who 
could not fire back. At the tmie the fort was giv-en 
up, on-ly three had been killed and a few wound-ed ; 
but when the Brit-ish stopped, eight-y men on our 
side had been killed and thir-ty wound-ed. While 
this mad act was at its height, Ma-jor Brom-field, 
the chief of the Eng-lish, stepped up to Led-yard, 
whom he did not know, and said in a rough way, 
"Who com-mands this fort?" " I did, but you do 
now," said he, as he passed his sword, hilt first, to 
the Ma-jor. Brom-field took it, and with one swift 
thrust sent it through the brave man. 

This fort stood on a hill ; and when the fight 
was done, the Brit-ish filled a laroe cart with the 



Jhittlc of N^cw London. 157 

wound-ed A-mer-i-cans and sent it full speed down 
the hill to the riv-er. But they did not stop to see 
the end of their work, as they were in haste to burn 
the town of Gro-ton ; and so did not know that the 
poor men were saved from death by a tree which 
stood at one side of the path, and held the cart from 
its fa-tal plunge. Some of these men died as it was, 
from the jar they had on their rough ride down the 
hill. 

While all this was tak-ing place on that side of 
the stream, Ar-nolcl had reached New Lon-clon and 
burned all the ships and wharves, with some one 
hun-dred and fif-ty hous-es in the place. It is said 
that at one time a la-dy, who had known him well 
when he lived there, stood at her door, and heard 
him tell his men to spare her house. For some 
time he was near her ; and she felt so much ill will 
to-wards him for his acts that day in the town where 
his young years were passed, that she wished she 
had a o^un to shoot him with her own hands. At 
no time in the war was there so much ill will felt to- 
wards the Brit-ish as just af-ter this act of Ar-nold's. 



158 History of New England. 



CHAPTER XXX, 

VERMONT. 

This place was so called by the French, who 
first saw its grand old moun-tanis with their sides 
robed \w rich dark green trees. The name Ver- 
mont means "green moun-tain. " 

In 1724 some men from Mass-a-chu-setts came 
to this land, and built Fort Dum-mer, near the site 
of Brat-tle-bor-ough. The whole place was claimed 
by New H amp-shire, as part of her grant in the old 
days of the first col-o-nies. As the years passed by 
more men went there, and in i 763 it was claimed 
by New York as part of the grant giv-en by Charles 
IL to the duke of York. For the next ten years 
New York tried in vain to rule the place; but the 
men sent to do this were tied to trees and whipped, 
or made to suf-fer in some such wa\^ by the men ol 
that part, till none could be found who wished to go. 

At last Ver-mont asked Con-oress, then held in 
Phil-a-del-phia, to make their land a free col-o-ny, 
like the oth-er thir-teen ; but this was not grant-ed, 
as New York and some col-o-nies in the south did 
not wish it to be such. 



Vermont. 



159 



In 1777 her men said they would be free m spite 
of Con-gress ; 
a n d on the 
strength of this 
they chose a 
gov-er-nor, and 
oth-er State of- 
fi - c e r s . In 
F e I3 - r u - a-r y, 
I 781, the men 
of New York 




;^^ fclt that the 
- - brave State ought 
to be free, and vo-ted to 
make it so ; but their Gov- 
er-nor would not have it so. 
The next month, the Brit- 
ish had Bev-er-ly Rob-in- 
son write to E-than Al- 
len to uro'e hmi to make 
Ver-mont a Brit-ish col-o-ny. As no word was sent 



DRIV-ING HOME THE COWS. 



i6o Hislory of New England. 

back, Gen-er-al Clin-ton wrote once more, in Feb-ru- 
a-ry, 1782, and said that if Ver-mont would turn 
from the A-mer-i-can to the Brit-ish side, it should 
be a free Brit-ish prov-ince. The men thought well 
of this of-fer ; and most did not see why they should 
fight the Brit-ish, who were their friends, to guard 
the col-o-nies which gave them no rights. At last 
Al-len and the Gov-er-nor of Ver-mont sent both 
notes to Con-gress. I-ra Al-len, a broth-er of 
E-than, said to the Brit-ish men who brought the 
last word from Clin-ton that he thought they ought 
to go with the side which won, if they could get a 
free char-ter. If not they would turn sav-a-ges and 
do what they pleased. 

It was these things which caused the men of 
Ver-mont to be looked up-on by some as trai-tors. 
But this term does not seem a just one to use, for 
they were true to the cause of the A-mer-i-cans, 
when they had no rights of their own. And when 
the war was done Ver-mont had not joined the 
Brit-ish, though it was not made a part of the 
Un-ion till i 791. 



When tJie War luas Done. i6i 



CHAPTER XXXI. 

WHEN THE WAR WAS DONE. 

Now at last the war was done ; but the time of 
rest all had hoped for was not felt in the land. The 
men who had been to the war now went home. 
They w^ere used to camp life, and did not like to 
work. Then, too, they had been forced to get in 
debt for food and clothes, and now found it hard to 
pay such. The tax which all had to pay for State 
and war debts, was felt by most to be too high. 

The gold had been used up in the war, and the 
notes which took its place were so poor none liked 
to use them. 

As there was no great head in the whole land, 
each man felt that he could do much as he pleased ; 
for our Con-sti-tu-tion had not been made then, and 
the old "Con-fed-er-a-tion" which was formed lone 
years be-fore, was but a strong league of friends, 
with no pow-er to help the States. 

In 1/86, Dan-iel Shays, a man who had fought 
at Bun-ker Hill, and had since been made Cap-tain^ 



1 62 History of Nczv England. 

went to Spring-field, in Mass-a-chu-setts, at the head 
of two thous-and men, and tried to take the guns 
which were kept there. These were to be used on 
the men who made the laws by which they were 
forced to pay their tax-es and debts. But the plot 
was found out in time, and one hun-dred and fif-ty 
men of Shays' band were put in jail. He hid for 
years in New York State, but at last was made free 
by the law. 

" Shays' Re-bel-lion," as this was called, was one 
of the main things which led the States to see the 
need of a wise head and strong hand to rule them 
all. So each sent men to meet at Phil-a-del-phia 
to talk of some plan which should be fair to all. 
These men talked long and well, and at last wrote 
what we call our '* Con-sti-tu-tion," which was a wise 
and just thing. On the 4th of March, 1789, the 
old Con-ti-nen-tal Con-gress ceased, and the first Con- 
gress of the U-nit-ed States met in New York. 
George Wash-ino^-ton, who had led so well in the w^ar, 
was made the first Pres-i-dent of the land. Of all 
those who have served since his time three have 
hailed from New Eng-land. These were John Ad- 
ams, who ruled from 1797 to 1801 ; John Quin-cy 
Ad-ams, his son, from 1825 to 1829; and Frank-lin 
Pierce, whose term was from 1853 to 1857. 



Bright New England Men. 163 



CHAPTER XXXII. 

BRIGHT NEW ENGLAND MEN. 

Though, as I have said, some men found it hard 
to work when they first came from camp, these were 
not the best or wise men of New Eng-land. Most 
of those who came from the grand old stock of 
which the Pu-ri-tans were made, did what came to 
their hands to do, while they thought much as to 
how to make this land the first and best on the 



globe. 



One man who changed the work of the whole 
world by his wise thoughts and deeds, was E-li 
Whit-ney, who was born at West-bor-ough, Mass- 
a-chu-setts, De-cem-ber 8, 1765. He worked hard, 
and thus made his way through Yale. Then he 
went to Geor-gia, where he found a strange plant, 
which had small pods filled with soft white down 
and dark seeds. The men in those parts said cloth 
could be made from it ; but it was such hard work 
to free the down from the seeds that not much was 
used in that way. At this time all the seeds had to 
be picked out by hand. This plant grew wild in 
most of the hot lands, and the cloth made from it 



164 



History of N'ciu England. 



was so TOod it seemed sad that more of It could not 
<_> 

be used. 

E - 1 i W h i t - n e y 
thought much of this, 
and at last found out how 
to get the seeds from 
the down in a quick 
way. He made his 
own tools, and had to 
draw the wire for his 
work ; but he made his 
"gin," as the thmg was 
called. One ni^fht 
some thieves broke m- 
to his shop and stole it ; 
then they made more 
gins like it, and poor 
E-li Whit-ney did not 
eet much orold for his 
work. But his name 
has been blessed by 
men in all lands ; and 
that is af-ter all worth 
more than gold. Do 
you not think so ? 
When he made his "gin," in 1791, one hun-dred 

and eight-y-nine thous-and pounds of cot-ton was all 




AN OLD MILL. 



Bright Nczv England Men. 165 

that was grown in our land ; but in i8i i, six-ty-two 
mil-lion pounds were sold. This is what a New 
Eno-land man's brain did for the South. 

Sam-u-el Sla-ter, who had worked for Strutt and 
Ark-wrieht in Eno-land, came to New York in 
1789. The next year he set up three ''card-ing 
ma-chines" in Paw-tuck-et, Rhode Is-land. In 
1793, he built mills in Ox-ford (now Web-ster), 
Mass-a-chu-setts, and thus gave a start to that work 
for which New EuQ^-land has so lonor been famed. 
In 1 79 1, a mill in which cloth or wool was made, 
was put up in Hart-forcl; and in three years more 
one was built at By-field, Mass-a-chu-setts. 

The first rail-way in the land was built at Quin- 
cy, Mass-a-chu-setts, by Thom-as H. Per-kins and 
Grid-ley Bry-ant, in 1826. The cars were drawn 
by hors-es, and the road was used to take the great 
blocks of stone which were dug from the earth in 
that place, to the sea ; where they could be placed 
in ships and sent to all parts of the world. 

In 1798, E-li Whit-ney, — who did not make 
much gold by his "gin," — asked the chief men of 
the land to let him make the fire-arms used by their 
men ; and by this work, we are glad to say, he grew 
to be a rich man. 

S. F. B. Morse, who first showed the world how 
to talk through wires, was a New Eno'-land man. 



i66 History of New England. 

He was born at Charles-town A-pril 27, 1791, and 
died April 2, 1872. 

In 1 8 14, Sam-u-el Colt was born in Hart-ford; 
and in the years to come his name was near-ly as 
well known as E-li Whit-ney's. When a lad of 
four-teen, he ran off to sea ; and on that voy-age, 
while near In-dia, he made a small pis-tol of wood, 
which was the first step to-wards the "Colt's re-vol- 
ver," the best fire-arm known at the time. But Mr. 
Colt did not rest on the praise this brought him. 
He made long strides in sci-ence, and m tmie made 
a kind of gun, you might call it, which was worked 
un-der the wa-ter; and would keep the foe from a 
large town, if used in the right place. These guns 
are well known now, and men in all parts of the 
world have made them ; but when Mr. Colt thought 
of his they were new to all. He taught men to 
wrap the wires which bring our news from o-ver the 
sea, in a way which keeps them from harm and rust. 

In 1825 E-ras-tus Fair-banks, of Mass-a-chu- 
setts, put up his fac-to-ry m St. Johns-bu-ry, Ver- 
mont, where he made the scales now so well known 
all o-ver the world. Here it is still to be found ; 
and from its doors go forth scales to Rus-sia and all 
strangle lands, with the weisfhts which are used in 
those lands, as well as all those used in A-mer-i-ca. 

The first sew-ing ma-chine was made by a Mass- 



Bright Mill of Nczv E}i gland. 167 

a-chu-setts man, E-li-as Howe; — a poor man who 
saw and felt for the wives who worked so hard near 
his home, and made up his mind to help them if he 
could. While he worked all day in a ma-chine 
shop in Bos-ton, he thought out the parts which at 
night he made at home. When the ma-chine was 
first done, in 1841, he had a hard time to get men to 
see how much work it would save their wives ; but 
in 1854 th^ world owned him to be a great man, 
and in a few years from that time he had gained 
much wealth. 

The fish caught by the men of New Eng-land 
have done much to-wards mak-ing the land rich. 
At first they were used for food when naught else 
was to be had, and at times drove death from their 
doors ; so the '" cod-fisli' w^as made the sign of New 
Eng-land. The men had one hung in their court- 
house when they first came to these shores, and to 
this day it still is seen on the walls of the State 
House m Bos-ton. 

It is said that the In-dian name for New Ene- 
land was Km-shon, which means fish ; and a fish 
made of wood was sent by the In-dians of that place 
to those in the West, as a pledge that they were 
friends. 



1 68 History of New England. 



CHAPTER XXXIII. 

WAR OF 1 812. 

You know that John Ad-ams ruled in our land 
when Wash-ing-ton's term had ceased. He was a 
wise, good man, but made some laws which were 
not liked ; and one of these was to seize and send 
off those men who came to our land from strange 
ports, though no one could prove they had done 
wi'one. This made him foes both here and o-ver 
the sea, and so he was pres-i-dent but one term, that 
is but four years. While Jef-fer-son, the next pres-i- 
dent, ruled, a war of France with Eng-land broke 
out, and we had a hard time to keep out of the way of 
both. The Enor-lish King: said his men had a riorht 
to search our ships when they came near them, to 
see if we had his men on board. As we spoke the 
Eng-lish tongue, sad things came of this, for two or 
three times the whole crew of our ships were thus 
ta-ken and none left on board to fetch them home. 
Some years be-fore this, Frank-lin had said that 
"The war of the rev-o-lu-tion has caused a rev-o-lu- 
tion ; but the war to make us free is yet to be 
fought." 



War of 1812. 



169 



New Eng4and and the States on the coast had 
hard times in those days, for most of their wealth 




.MAX OF lU)S-TOX IN iSl 



was made through their ships; but tney were not 
for war, and tried hard to keep our land from one- 



I 70 History of Nczu England. 

It did come, though, in spite of their words; and, 
when it did, New Encr-land men and New Encr- 
land gold did more to help it than all the rest of the 
land. The In-dians in the north-west, then not 
much known, took part with the foe, and thus made 
the fio'hts on land hard for us. You know Eno-land 
owned all of Can-a-da, and so could bring her men 
and land them on our shores just north of our line. 

On the first of June, 18 13, a Brit-ish ship called 
the " Shan-non" sailed near Bos-ton, and sent word 
to Cap-tain Law-rence, of the "Ches-a-peake," to come 
out and fight. The note which told Law-rence that 
he could choose time and place did not reach him. 
His ship was not in trim for a fight, and some of his 
men were drunk in the streets of Bos-ton on the 
morn when the word came; but he called them on 
board and sailed to-wards the ''Shan-non." The 
fight, which was seen from the hills near Bos-ton, 
last-ed but a quar-ter of an hour; but in that short 
time the brave Law-rence was shot. His last words 
were, "Tell the men to fight fas-ter and not give up 
the ship!" It seems sad that such a brave man lost 
his life, — and yet no good came to us from the fight, 
for the "Shan-non" won, with a much less loss of 
men than the "Ches-a-peake." 

On the same day De-ca-tur, a brave man who 
had fought much on the sea, was chased in-to New 



JJ'cjr of I Si 2. 171 

Lon-don, with his three ships, the " Mac-e-do-nian,'' 
"U-nit-ed States," and "Hor-net," bv a lars^e force 
of Brit-ish ships. Here they were forced to stay till 
the end of the war. The Brit-ish tried hard to take 
them, and to fire the town ; but the men from near 
and far came to help them, and kept up such a bold 
front that the foe could not come near. 

A nice sto-ry is told of a good wife of that time, 
who did her part in sav-ing the town. You know 
that to fire large guns, such as are used in forts, 
small flan-nel bags are used to hold the pow-der. 
Now in this siege, which last-ed a long time, all 
these bags were used up, and more were need-ed to 
keep the foe at bay. The fact was told to a Mr. 
La-tham, who said he would get more. When he 
had done all he could in that Ime, he called on Mrs. 
Bai-ley, who lived near hmi, and said, ''I have 
called to see if you have an-y spare flan-nel m the 
house ; the men at the fort are short of it. I have 
sent them all I could buy in town, and still it is not 
e-nough. If you have an-y to spare I should like to 
get it of you." 

"Well, I don't know," said she, "I have none in' 
the house, but I guess I can find some for you, if 
you will wait till I come back." Then she went to 
her friends and got all they could spare ; but when 



I 72 History of Nczv England. 

she came back with her load, Mr. La-tham said 
more was still need-ed. 

"You shall have my skirt then," said the brave 
dame, as she cut the string with which it was tied, 
and let it drop to the floor. As she stepped out of 
it, she add-ed, "It was a warm, new one, and I hate 
to part with it, for I don't know when I shall have 
one like it ; but I don't care for that ; all I want is to 
see it kill the Eng-lish!" This brave act was told to 
the men in the fort, and made Mrs. Bai-ley known 
far and wide in the land, while both great and brave 
men called to see her. She lived till she was nine- 
ty years of age, and then met with a sad death, 
caused by her clothes tak-ing fire, on Jan-u-a-ry 10, 
1851. 

In Ju-ly, 1 8 14, Sir Thom-as Har-dy took East- 
port, Maine, and burned the ship "Ad-ams," at 
H amp-den, on the Pe-nob-scot ; while Cas-tme, a few 
miles down the stream, was tak-en ; but the fort was 
first burned by the A-mer-i-cans, who then fled. 
Then a large part of Maine was held by the Brit-ish. 

At this time there was a great sea-fight which 
took place on Lake E-rie of which we must speak, 
though it did not take place on New Eng-land's 
wa-ter ; but the brave man whose brain planned it 
and whose sword won the vic-to-ry was a Rhode 
Is-land-er. His name was Ol-i-ver Haz-ard Per-ry, 



irar 0/1812. [73 

and he was born in South Kings-ton, Rhode Is-land. 
In this fight he took all the foe's ships, a thing ' 
which had not been done be-fore. It was this brave 
man, who when he had won that great fight, sent 
back to the head of the war in Wash-ino-ton, the 
plain words, "We have met the en-e-my, and they 
are ours !" 

The war went on for two and a half years, and 
when at last peace was made all were glad in Eng- 
land as well as in this land. In it we gained what 
Frank-lin said we should, — "our free-dom." 



1 74 History of New England. 



CHAPTER XXXIV. 

NANTUCKET. 

A SMALL is-land not far south from the coast of 
Mass-a-chu-setts should claim a share of our time, if 
we would be just to all New Eng-land's sons ; for 
here were born and brought up some of her most 
brave and no-ble men. The first Eng-lish-man who 
saw it was Gos-nold, who sailed by its shores in a 
small bark in 1602. 

We hear no more said of the place till 1641, 
when the whole is-land was sold to Thom-as May- 
hew and his son, by Lord Sterl-ing. At this tmie 
the is-land, with Mar-tha's Vine-yard, was part of 
the New York grant. 

In 1659, Thom-as Ma-cy, who lived at Sal-is- 
bu-ry, Mass-a-chu-setts, was fined for hav-ing four 
Qua-kers come in-to his house out of a hard show-er. 
The Pu-ri-tans were hard men, who had no love for 
the poor Qua-kers, as you know ; and this act of 
Ma-cy' s was thought by them to be a sin ; so for it 
they made his life so hard that he was glad to go to 
some place where he could do as he pleased. 

In the fall of that year, he took his fam-i-ly, and 



Xautiicket. 175 

with the help of Ed-ward Star-buck sailed in a small 
o-pen boat to Nan-tuck-et. They made friends with 
the In-dians, and lived in peace and qui-et with 
them. In the next spring, Ed-ward Star-buck went 
back to Mass-a-chu-setts, and brought eight more 
fam-i-lies to Nan-tuck-et. Then the land was made 
in-to ten shares, and each man bought a share. 
These were Tris-tram Cof-fin, Rich-ard Swam, 
Thom-as Bar-nard, Pe-ter Cof-fin, Chris-to-pher 
Hus-sey, Ste-phen Green-leaf, John Swam, and 
Wil-liam Pile. They felt the need of more men on 
the is-land ; so it was thought best for each to take a 
part-ner, who with his wife and chil-dren should live 
on his tenth of the land. Each took some friend ; 
so the small band on Nan-tuck-et was from the first 
a brioht and u-nit-ed one. 

These next ten men were John Smith, Na-than- 
iel Star-buck, Rob-ert Pike, Thom-as Look, Rob-ert 
Bar-nard, James Cof-fin, Tris-tram Cof-fin, jun-ior, 
Thom-as Cole-man, Ed-ward Star-buck, and Thom- 
as May-hew. 

When the In-dians had sold their right to the 
land, the white men felt it best to let them till as 
much as they liked. Like those on the main land, 
they did not like to work ; and at times would have 
starved but for the kind care of the whites. There 
was one bright In-dian in their midst, whom the 



I 76 History of Nczu England. 

men chose as a kind of judge for the tribe. He was 
called " Es-quire Ka-doo-da," and had to see that 
the laws were kept. 

It is said that he was fond of the whip; and at 
times when one In-dian found fault with an-oth-er, 
he had both whipped, at first, and then heard what 
was to be said. This did not tend to bring him 
much work, but has sent down to our time the say- 
ing, " Ka-doo-da's laws," which means a just, quick 
deal-ino- with bad folks. 

As there was not much land cleared at first, 
each man kept but a few sheep, cows, and hors-es ; 
one ereat tract was fenced off for a corn-field, and 
this was cut up in-to shares for each house. 

The first mill of which we hear was built in 
1666, to grind corn. This was moved by wa-ter; 
but la-ter both horse and wind mills were used. 
Pe-ter Fol-ger was called from Mar-tha's Vine-yard 
to keep this mill, and his toll was fixed at two quarts 
of corn for each bush-el he ground ; this was to pay 
him for his work, as not much gold found its way to 
the is-land in those days. When Mr. Fol-ger was 
not at work in his mill, he wove, or talked with the 
In-dians for the white men, as he had learned their 
tongue. His son E-le-a-zer made the shoes worn in 
the place. 

Fish were found in the sea near the is-land, and 



N^antiLcket. 177 

made a large part of the food of the place. It is 
said the first whale caught by Nan-tuck-et men, 
came to its shores and stayed there three days be-fore 
it was caught. The men were much pleased with 
the strange fish, and tried to think of some way to 
catch him ; at last they made a kind of spear with 
which they killed him. For near-ly two hun-dred 
years, Nan-tuck-et gained most of her rich-es from 
her whale ships. 

In the Rev-o-lu-tion, this is-land had a hard 
time ; for its men were most of them Qua-kers, and 
so thought it wrong to fight. The Eng-lish knew 
this, so came and took what they liked from the 
hous-es on the is-land, as none would fight them off. 
The wives of the first men were wise, good moth-ers, 
and taught their chil-dren at home ; so it was ma-ny 
years be-fore a school-house was raised in the place ; 
but some of the best sea cap-tains in the coun-try 
have come from Nan-tuck-et, and were taught by 
those brave wo-men. 

The seas which wash its shores take each year 
small bits of the isle and grind them down in the 
o-cean ; so it is thought by those who make such 
things a stud-y that in some far-off day, no mark will 
be left to tell where this fair isle once lay. 



17' 



History of Nczu England. 



CHAPTER XXXV. 



A IIME OF REST AND PEACE. 




HOUSE OF EM-ER-SON, CON-CORD, MASS-A-CHU-SETTS. 

When the war of 1812 was at an end, New 
Eng-land had once more a time of rest and peace. 
Her boys and girls were taught, m the same plain 
way, the sound sense and strong views of God which 
their fathers had. 



A Time of Rest and Peace. 



179 



In the first part of the nine-teenth cen-tu-ry, a 
number of babes were born whose names are now 
known to the end of the world. Ralph W al-do 
Em-er-son, the first of these, was born m Bos-ton, 
May 25, 1803. The end of his course at Har-vard 
c a me in 1821. 
Then he preached 
for a time ; l)ut m 
1832 he went to 
Eng-land, and 
when he came 
back lived a qui-et 
life at Con-cord, 
where he wrote 
the books which 
have made him 
known to all wise v 
men. He died in I 
1882. 

N a-t han-iel 
Haw-thorne was 
born at Sa-lem, on 
Ju-ly 4, 1804. He was at Bow-doin with Frank-lin 
Pierce, who, when Pres-i-dent of our land, thought of 
his old friend and sent him as U-nit-ed States Con- 
sul to Liv-er-pool, Eng-land. Haw-thorne was a 
shy man ; and it is said that when Pierce asked him 




RALPH WALDO EM-ER-SON. 



i8o 



History of New England. 



to go, his first words were : "Will the man who goes 
have to talk much?" His books are the best of 
their kind in the land ; and you will be sure to like 
them when you can read them well. He did not 




HEN-RY W. LONG-FEL-LOW, AND HIS HOME IN PORT-LAND. 

die in Con-cord, where he had lived so long, but up 
in the New Hamp-shire hills. Frank-lin Pierce 
was with him in his last hours, and went with the 



A Time of Rest and Peaee. 



i8i 



long line of sad friends to see him laid in his hill- 



[d( 



near the old Con-cord bat-tie-field he 








siae grave, 
loved so well. 

In 1807, when Em-er-son and Haw-thorne were 
still small boys, clad in girl's clothes, two babes were 
born in New Eng-land 
whose names are known 
and loved in all parts 
of the world. One was 
Hen-ry W. Long-fel- 
low, who was born at 
Port-land, Maine, on 
Feb-ru-a-ry 27th, of that 
year. He was a bright 
bov, and so fond of his 
books that he went to 
Bow-cloin Col-legewhen 
on-ly four-teen years of 
age, and at the end of 
his course in 1825, took 
high hon-ors. Mr. 
Long-fel-low died a few ^ 
years a-go, and more 
kind thino^s were said, and more tears shed for New 
Eng-land's first po-et, than are spent up-on a King 
or Czar. 

The oth-er babe came to a plain Oua-ker home 



JOHN G. WHIT-TI-ER. 



l82 



History of JVeza England. 



in Hav-er-hill, Mass-a-chu-setts, and is an old man 
now ; but his name is loved more dear-ly as the 
years pass by ; and we fear each year, as De-cem-ber 
brings his birth-day to our minds, that it may be the 
last. New Eng-land is, and has a right to be, 




\VHIT-TI-ER'S LIRTII-PLACE, NEAR HAV-ER-HlLL, MASS- A-CIIU- SET iS. 

proud of her dear ''Oua-ker po-et," John G. Whit- 
ti-er. When a boy he worked on the farm, but this 
did not keep him from his books, and m time he was 
called to hold some of the best seats m tiie land. 
He thought all men should be free, and was a o'reat 



A Time of Rest and Peace. \ 8 



o 



friend to the poor slaves in the South. Har-ri-et 
Beech-er Stowe, a New Eng-land wo-man, whose 
name is known all through the world, also did a 
great deal for their cause. 

Ol-i-ver W. Holmes was born at Cam-bridge, 
Mass-a-chu-setts, Aug-ust 29, 1809. When his 
course at Har-varcl was done, he went to Eu-rope, 
and in time came back to heal the sick and mend 
the brok-en bones in Bos-ton and its near towns. 
But Dr. Holmes did not give his whole time to 
such tasks. He found time to write bright and 
wit-ty things, and through his pen he is best known 
to the world. You, my young friends, must have 
heard of the "One Hoss Shay," for all girls and 
boys like to read that. 

James Rus-sell Low-ell, the po-et, was al-so born in 
Cam-bridge, in 1 8 1 9. His name is known to the whole 
world ; and not on-ly Bos-ton, but all of New Eng- 
land takes a just pride in Mr. Low-ell's fame. 

As you grow in years, you will read the fine 
things which these, and ma-ny more of New Eng- 
land's sons and daugh-ters have writ-ten ; and will 
then see, as you can-not now, why they have a place 
in the his-to-ry of our land. War and brave men's 
deeds do not make up the whole his-to-ry of a place. 
The men who think and write good books, those 
who find out new ways of do-ing things, and those 



I 84 History of Nczu England. 

who teach us to hve brave and pure hves, are the 
ones in fact best known to the world, and best loved 
by all men. 

In 1820, Maine asked to be a State; but the 
men of the South did not wish her to be one. At 
that time the slave trade was much thought of by 
both North and South, and there were just as ma-ny 
States which did not think it right to keep slaves as 
there were that did. If Maine came in as a State, 
she would of course do all she could to stop the 
slave trade. At last the men on both sides made a 
line which reached from sea to sea, and said that no 
slaves should be kept north of it ; — then Maine was 
made a State. 

Still she had a care which vexed her much. If 
you will look at your map you will see that most of 
the line which bounds the State on the north-west 
and west, lies next to Can-a-da. This line was the 
cause of her troub-le. A large lot of land, more 
than the whole State of Ver-mont, was claimed by 
her, and by Can-a-da too ; and they each thought 
they had the right to it. At last Dan-iel Web-ster, 
a great and wise man of New Eng-land, and Lord 
Ash-bur-ton, from Eng-land, drew a line which gave 
to Can-a-da five thous-and, and to Mame sev-en 
thous-and square miles. 

One strange thing took place in 1826. On the 




^maik..^j^=tJC.iUlu;at^l.,.. 4iJ.l ilM]l.i:iii:L-i.!^i.i;:i;i^; 



;POKT IN MAINE. 



iS6 



History of Nczv England. 



4th of Ju-ly, just fif-ty years from the date of our 
land's birth, two of its first pres-i-dents died. John 
Ad-ams and Thom-as Jef-fer-son had both signed 
the Dec-la-ra-tion, both been pres-i-dents, and each 
in his way had done much for our land. Now their 
time to die had come ; and at near-ly the same hour, 
they both passed to the next world, one in Bos-ton 

and one in Vir-gin- 

ia. As the sun _^ ^ ^^^^^ 

set, Ad-ams heard ^^ 
the noise of fire- 
arms in the streets 
of Bos-ton. He 
called a friend to ^ 
his side, and sent , 
word by him to tell ^^ 
the men to hold 
fast the rights the 
" F ou r t h" had 
brought them ; and 
the cheers they sent up as his words were told them, 
were heard by the sick man just as he closed his 
eyes in death. 

Jef-fer-son heard a gun in the far-off town, and 
his last words as he passed a-way were: " Is this the 
Fourth ?" 

In 181 7, Hen-ry D. Tho-reau was born in Con- 



^^'l7^-?^^?figtgi^ 



^^ 




HOUSE WHERE HOR-ACE GREE-LEY WENT TO SCHOOL. 



Dorr War. 187 



cord, Mass-a-chu-setts. He was clone with his course 
at Har-varcl in 1837; then he taught school for a 
while. Tho-reau was a strange, shy man, who wrote 
charm-ins: books, and lived a lone life in the woods. 
He thought meats were not good food for men, so 
he lived on fruits and the roots of plants. He died 
in 1862. 

On Feb-ru-a-ry 3, 181 1, Hor-ace Gree-ley was 
born at Am-herst, New H amp-shire. He worked 
on his fath-er's farm while a lad, as Whit-ti-er had 
done ; and gained his first love for books at the 
small school-house near his home. 



CHAPTER XXXVI. 

DORR WAR. 

One thing which took place in Rhode Is-lancl 
o-ver for-ty years a-go should have a place in this 
book. It was the " Dorr war," which at first was 
thought to be a grave thing, but at last passed off 
with-out the loss of a man. You know that King- 
Charles 1 1 . gave a char-ter to the State ma-ny years 
a-go ; this was a good one when it was made, but 
the State had grrown since that time and now it did 
not fill the need of the men. In the days of Charles 



i8S 



History of N'ezv England. 



II. New-port was a large ci-ty, while Prov-i-dence 
7/as but a small town ; so more men were sent from 
New-port to help make the laws than from the last 
named place. That is, by the old char-ter six men 
were sent by New-port, while on-ly four went from 
Prov-i-dence. This was of course all right while 

New-port was the larg-er 
ci-ty ; but in 1846 Prov- 
i-dence had twen-ty-three 
thous-and, while New- 
port had but eight thous- 
and folks ; so you see 
why Prov-i-dence did not 
think the old char-ter 
just. By it, too, on-ly the 
men who owned land, 
and their old-est sons, 
could vote ; and this was 
not liked. 

The men of the State 
urged the law-mak-ers to 
chanore these thino-s in the 
char-ter so that it should be more just to the whole 
peo-ple, but could not move them to the step ; so at 
length a few of them took things in-to their own 
hands. They met in Oc-to-ber, 1841, made a new 
con-sti-tu-tion, and gave it to the men of the State. 




DAN-IEL WEB-STER. 



1 



Dorr War. 189 

In A-pril, 1842, they chose Thom-as W. Dorr for 
gov-er-nor, and on the 3cr of May, Dorr with his 
friends tried to take change of the State. 

Sam-u-el \\\ King, who had been made gov-er- 
nor by the old char-ter, would not let him do this ; 
so arms were ta-ken up, and the Dorr men were 
forced to give up their cause June 25th, when 
Thom-as Dorr was caught, and thrown in-to jail. 
Thus the war, which all the rest of the land lauo^hed 
at, and from the size of the State called "A tem- 
pest in a tea-pot," was at an end. But it did what 
the Dorr men tried for, — caused the con-sti-tu-tion 
to be changed the next year for one more just 
to all. 

While on Rhode Is-land, one man well known to 
fame, who was born and brought up m that small 
State, should find a place m our thoughts. This is 
Math-ew Cal-braith Per-ry, born at South Kings- 
ton, whose fath-er was broth-er to Ol-i-ver Haz-ard 
Per-ry. He was the Com-man-der of the fleet 
which first made Ja-pan friends with our land. A 
fine bronze stat-ue of this he-ro is to be seen near 
the "old stone mill" at New-port. 



I go 



History of Neiv England. 



CHAPTER XXXVII. 

THOSE IN NEW ENGLAND WHO WRITE FOR 
THE GIRLS AND BOYS. 

There is no place in our land which can boast of 
so ma-ny good writ-ers of girls' and boys' books as 

New Eng-land. You 
all have read Lit-tle 
Men or Lit-tle Wo- 
men, or at least have 
heard them read, and 
most of you know 
that Lou-is-a May 
Al-cott wrote them. 
You know, too, how 
sad we all felt, a few 
months a-go, when 
the news of her death 
reached our ears. 
Miss Al-cott was born 
m Mass-a-chu-setts m 
1833. At the time 
of the Civ-il War she 
went South and helped take care of the sick and 




Mlbb LOlj-Ib A MAY \L-C011. 



Those ill New England ivJio ]] rite for the Girls and Boys. 191 

wound-ed ; and when she came home she wrote a 
book which told of these sick sol-diers. 

One of the most charm-ins: writ-ers of mrls' books 
in our land, is Mrs. Ad-e-line D. T. Whit-ney. 
She was born in Bos-ton in the year 1824, so is 




THE OR-CHARD HOUSE, CON-CORD, MASS- A-CHU-SETTS. HOME OF THE AL-COTTS. 

now quite an old la-dy ; but she still writes the 
pure, sweet sto-ries of bright home life which have 
al-ways come from her pen. Mrs. Whit-ney's name 
is known and loved by the folk a-cross the sea, as 
well as those in our own land ; and all who have 



192 



Hi story of New England. 



read her books u-nite in the hope that ma-ny long 
years may still be hers. 

Thom-as Bai-ley Al-drich was born at Ports- 
mouth, New Hamp-shire, in 1836. When a small 
boy he went to live in New Or-leans; but when still 




MRS. A. D. T. WHIT-NEY S HOME? MIL-TON, MASS-A-CHU-SETTS. 

quite young he came back North, and has lived in 
New Eng-land most of the time since. His book 
called The Sto-iy of a Bad Boy, — who, by the way, 
was-n't bad at all, — is one of the best books ev-er 
writ-ten for boys. Mr. Al-drich is the ed-i-tor of a 



Those in Nezv England zvho Write for the Girls and Boys. 193 

ofrown folks' mao^-a-zine, known as The At-lai^-tic 
Month-ly. You have on page 194 a pic-ture of his 
stud-y, where he writes ma-ny of the nice things 
which your fath-ers and moth-ers hke so much to 
read. 

One oth-er writ-er we must speak of, who, al- 
though not born in New 
Eng-land, is clamied by 
her as her own. This is 
John T. Trow-bridge ; 
who was the ed-i-tor of a 
girls and boys' mag-a-zine 
called Our Young Folks. 
This was read by your 
fath-ers and moth-ers when 
they were young ; and a 
grand mag-a-zine it was. 
Mr. Trow-bridge wrote 
some of the best things 
to be found in its pa-ges. 
He was born in Og-den, New York, Sep-tem-ber 
17, 1827, and lived on a farm while a boy; but he 
worked hard and taught him-self both Ger-man and 
French. He now lives at Ar-ling-ton, Mass-a-chu- 
setts, a small qui-et town not far from Bos-ton. Mr. 
Trow-bridge is a po-et as well as a prose writ-er; and 
his po-ems are such bright sun-ny bits of work, which 




THOM-AS BAI-LEY AL-DRICH. 



94 



History of Nczv England. 



treat of real life, that you will be sure to en-joy them 
when you can read them. 

Be-sides these there are ma-ny more men and 
.vo-men who are well known as writ-ers and ar-tists, 




T. B. AL-DRICH S STUD-Y. 



who be-long to New Eng-land ; but we have not the 
space to speak of them here. As you grow old-er 
you will learn to love this land more and more as 



Thinos luJiich Led to the Civil JFcrr 



195 



vou hear of all the brio^ht and toocI folks who were 
born on its soil. 



CHAPTER XXXVIII. 

THINGS WHICH LED TO THE CIVIL WAR. 

When New Eng-lancl was still young, slaves 
were kept in most of the homes of the rich to do the 
work of the house ; 
but soon these men 
saw the sin of this, 
and one by one freed 
their slaves till none 
were left in the place. 
Then these good 
men felt it quite as 
wrong for the South 
to keep its slaves, and 
told those who lived 
there so ; w^hich did 
not tend to make 
friends of that class. 
''The North had 
freed its slaves ; why 
should not the South do the same ?" 





^^^#%^^^^^^%^ 



J. T. TROW-BRIDGE. 



>|il{{|,l.i|ll 



190 



History of Nczv England. 



Some men in that part of our land would glad-ly 
have done this ; but where could they get the men 
to work on their great fields of cot-ton, su-gar, rice, 
and to-bac-co ? White men, they thought, could 
not stand the hot sun as the blacks did ; then 




HOME OF J. i'. TROW-BKIDGE. 



they had paid great sums of gold for these their 
slaves, and no one likes to throw gold a-way, as they 
felt they must do if they freed them. 

For years there were hard words be-tween New 



Thinfrs luhich Led to the Civil ]\^ar 



197 



Eng-land and the South ; for our men, with their 
stern, just way of look-ing at things, did not in the 
least fear to say just what they thought of the 
mat-ter. 

O-ver fif-ty years a-go, a young New Eng-land 
man who wrote for the pa-pers was called to Bal-ti- 
more to work on a pa-per in that place. He was 
much shocked by the 
great slave pens which 
met his eye at each turn, 
and hunofout their sio^ns 
on some of the best 
streets. 

These he saw were 
filled from the ships 
which brought the poor 
blacks from Af-ri-ca ; 
and the slaves were sold 
from them to go south 
or west in great droves, 
quite as he had seen cows or pigs sold in Bos-ton. 
He was a brave young man, and he knew his cause 
was a right one ; so he urged the men of that place 
to stop their sin-ful slave trade. His words had no 
pow-er but to cause him to be thrust in-to jail. When 
he was let out he made his way back to Boston, 
where he was met with joy by the whole ci-ty. 




SEAL OF NEW H AMP- SHIRE. 



198 



History of Nezu England. 



But Wil-liam Lloyd Gar-ri-son, — for that was the 
young man's name, — did not for-get the thmgs he 
had seen m the South ; and in time was at the head 
of a kmd of chil^ which had the slave trade for its 
chief thought. This was formed on what was known 




HOME OF T. 11. AL-DRICH. 



as *' Nig-ger Hill," Bos-ton, in a school-house, un-der 
the Af-ri-can Bap-tist Church, on the 6th of Jan-u-a- 
ry, 1832. 

Some of the men of Bos-ton at this time w^ere 



Things ivJiich Led to the Civil War. 199 

friends of the slave trade ; and one night in Oc-to- 
ber, three years af-ter this ckib had been formed, 
they burst in up-on one of its meet-ings while Miss 
Ma-ry S. Par-ker was pray-ing. With shouts and 
yells they caught up the Bi-bles and Hymn books, 
and threw them in-to the street. Then they cast a 
coil of rope o-ver Gar-ri-son's head, and tried to drag 
him through the streets. They were at last stopped 
by the ci-ty of-fi-cers, who had just reached the spot. 
Gar-ri-son was at the time ed-i-tor of The Lib-e7^-a- 
tor, the great an-ti-sla-ver-y pa-per of A-mer-i-ca. 

At the time the line was drawn north of which 
no slaves should be . kept, the men on this side 
a-greed to give up to their own-ers those slaves who 
were found on their land ; that is, the slaves who 
ran a-way to the North. Now, in 1842, a slave from 
Vir-gin-ia, named George Lat-i-mer, came to Bos- 
ton, in hopes the men of that place would not send 
him back to his mas-ter. Those men who were 
friends of the South took him and thrust him in-to 
jail ; for they said they had the law on then" side. 
A great meet-mg was held in Fan-eu-il Hall, where 
speech af-ter speech was made by the best men m 
New Eno;-land. Let-ters were read from such men 
as John Quin-cy Ad-ams and George Ban-croft, 
and the men were so roused by the thought that the 
poor slave was to be sent back to his hard life when 



200 History of N'cw England, 

he had got so far from his old home, that at last a 
brave and good man said he should stay, and so 
paid his mas-ter m Vir-gin-ia the price he asked for 
his slave. 

Now the whole of New Eng-land was full of the 
An-ti-sla-ver-y Cause, as it was called ; and John 
G. Whit-ti-er wrote po-em af-ter po-em m its cause ; 
while Wen-dell Phil-lips, The-o-dore Par-ker, Dr. 
Sam-u-el G. Howe, and Charles Sum-ner, — then 
a young man, — did all they could. These men 
thouo^ht the slaves who came to them for aid ouo^ht 
to be free ; and so they formed what they called the 
Free Soil Par-ty. For a time they had their own 
way ; but the South was not at rest, and in the fall 
of 1850, Mil-lard Fill-more, who was then Pres-i- 
dent, signed the " Fu-gi-tive Slave Law." This law 
made it the right of an-y man to take his slave in 
what part of the land he should find him, and none 
could stop him. 

Now the own-ers could take their men in what 
part of the land they were found. This act made 
the New Eng-land men ver-y an-gry, and a great 
meet-ing was held in Fan-eu-il Hall, Oc-to-ber 3, 
1850, at which great men spoke. Mr. Sum-ner 
made a speech which was grand and brave, and for 
years to come will not pass out of men's minds. 

Four years from that time a like scene took 



TJic Civil War. 201 

place in the same hall. An-tho-ny Burns, a slave, 
had been ta-ken un-der the Fu-gi-tive Slave Act, 
and lodged in jail. The men did not feel it right in 
God's sicfht to let him oo back to his mas-ter ; but 
the law ruled, and on June 2d he was ta-ken from 
his cell, and in the midst of a great square of armed 
men he was marched off to the ship which was to 
take him back. On all sides the hous-es were 
draped in black, and as the men moved on, the bells 
were tolled, as they are for the bod-y of some great 
man. In this way the folk of that ci-ty tried to 
show how sad to them was the whole slave trade. 

It was not strange that this strife should m time 
end in war; and in the sprmg of 1861, when Fort 
Sum-ter fell, the men of New Eng-land were glad to 
take up arms in so good a cause. 



CHAPTER XXXIX. 

THE CIVIL WAR. 

When the war came which the wise men of all 
parts of our land had looked for so long, it found 
New Eng-land read-y with gold and men to help it 
on ; and Mass-a-chu-setts may well be proud of the 
fact that she sent the first men to the field. 








"IVK COMK TO SI'-.K I'A-PA M11,K." 



202 



The Civil U^ar 



20' 



Gov-er-nor An-drew, of that State, like the oth-er 
wise men, had seen what would come ; so, in a still 
way, had formed a few reg-i-ments of men in Bos-ton 
to be used in case of need. On Mon-day morn, 
A-pril 15, 1 86 1, news came through the Bos-ton 
pa-pers that the war was to be ; and on the next day, 
the men of the " Sixth Mass-a-chu-setts" met on the 
Com-mon. Wed-nes-day eve, A-pril i 7th, they left 
for Wash-ing-ton, which, with the aid of the few 
troops of the ci-ty, they kept from the hands of the 
foe for a whole week, while aid from the North was 
on its way to them. 

On their way to Wash-ing-ton, these troops had 
to pass through Bal-ti-more ; as the trains to the 
South and those to the North did not leave from 
the same de-pot. They were in fact a mile a-part ; 
but as there was a horse car road from one to the 
oth-er, it was thought best to take each car and have 
it drawn a-cross by means of hors-es. 

It was well known that some of the men in the 
ci-ty were friends of the South, and would do all 
they could to keep the troops back from Wash-ing- 
ton. The first eight cars made their way through 
the crowd with ease ; but the ninth, which held the 
7th com-pa-ny, was met by shouts and jeers. Bricks 
and great stones were hurled throuo^h the car blinds 
by the mob, and at last shots were sent with the 



204 History of N'ew England. 

stones. The men in the car had been warned of 
these things, and were bade not to fire back till some 
one in their midst was hit. At last one brave man 
had his thumb shot off; then they were told to lie 
low on the floor of the car, load their guns, and fire 
at the crowd. In this way they at last reached the 
place where they were to change cars. 

Those who passed through the ci-ty af-ter this 
had a still more try-ing time. To be sure, May-or 
Brown came to their aid and marched with them for 
a short time ; — for they were now forced to make 
their way on foot, as the rails had been torn up by 
the mad mob, — but, as Cap-tain Fol-lans-bee said, 
"the stones and balls came too near his head and he 
left." Mar-shal Kane, the head of the ci-ty po-lice, 
did much to help them through this then* first taste 
of war and blood-shed. 

Now it was not thought safe to have the troops 
pass .through Bal-ti-more on their way South, so 
Pres-i-dent Lin-coln sent word for them to go 
a-round the ci-ty. Hence it was that the Mass-a- 
chu-setts 8th, which left Bos-ton A-pril i8th, just 
one day la-ter than the 6th, took a whole week long- 
er to reach Wash-ing-ton. The New York 7th were 
kept back in the same way, and reached Wash-ing- 
ton at the same time. 

Gov-er-nor Sprague, at the head of the Rhode 



1 he Civil War 



205 



Is-land 2ncl, soon fol-lowed the Mass-a-chu-setts 8th 
to the South, and in all the months and years of the 
war which were yet to come, the drum-beat of the 
North led hosts of New Eng-land men to the strife. 
The "War gov-er-nors," as they were called who 
held their seats dur- 
ing the war, did much 
to push on the cause. 
Of these, as you 
have read, Gov-er- 
nor An-drew took 
the lead. He was 
born in Maine, but 
is claimed by Mass- 
a-chu-setts, as h e 
held high pla-ces m 
that State for a great 
part of his life. He 
was loved by all who 
knew him, and did 
much for the poor 
sol-diers and their 




GOV-KK-NOR IU"CR-1N(;-HAM. 



kin. 

Gov-er-nor Buck-ing-ham, of Con-nec-ti-cut, was 
no-ted for his zeal in the un-ion cause all through 
the war, and was so well liked by the men of that 
State that he held his of-fice from 1858 to 1867. In 



2o6 



History of Nezv England. 




1869 he was sent from the State to the U-nit-ed 
States Sen-ate. 

Gen-er-al N. P. Banks, — the "Bob-bin boy," as 
he was called, — was once a poor boy in Low-ell, 
where he learned a trade, and where his fath-er 
wished him to work. But young Banks spent all 
his spare hours in stud-y, and in time was a great 

man in our land. He 
was made a gen-er-al 
in the war, and fought 
to the close. When he 
was through with fight- 
ing^ he was sent to Con- 
ogress. 

Gen-er-al Burn-side, 
from Rhode Is-land, 
was a brave man ; and 
all through the war had 
the cause of the North 
near his heart. He 
died but a few years 
a-go at his home in Bris-tol, and Rhode Is-land men 
have raised a fine stat-ue to his name in the ci-ty of 
Prov-i-dence. 

Gen-er-al Jo-seph Hook-er, known as " Fight-ing 
Joe," was a Mass-a-chu-setts man, and at one time 
had the rank of ma-jor-gen-er-al in the Un-ion ar-my. 



SEAL OF MASS-A-CHU-SETTS. 



The Civil U^ar. ro7 

We could not, in a small his-to-ry like this, give 
the names of the high of-fi-cers e-ven, who went from 
New Eng-lancl to the war ; but in each home some 
dear one was missed, and prayed for each night l^y 
fond moth-er or sis-ters. Those who could not go, 
worked at home to help in some way the cause. 
Girls met when their school work was done and 
picked lint, or made clothes for the sol-diers; and 
each gave with a glad heart what she could for those 
who were giv-ing their lives for our land. On each 
bat-tle-field of the South ma-ny brave New Eng-land 
men, and lads too, laid down their lives ; and in the 
hmall-est vil-lage, on the 30th of May of each year, 
..ome grave will be found with its soft green mound 
sid by sweet blooms, which tell the sad tale of a life 
giv-en that the slaves might be free. 

It is said that Mass-a-chu-setts sent 159,165 of 
her sons to the war ; and more than twice that sum 
went from the rest of New Eng-land. Of these 
some did not come back at all ; while ma-ny who 
marched with brave step to the sound of fife and 
drum w^ere brought back cold and still, to be laid by 
sad, lov-ing hands, in their last sleep un-der the sods 
of some qui-et church-yard. 



208 



History of New England. 



Now that hard, long war is a thing of the far 
past. Babes who were then too young to know 
what the sad eyes and tear-stained cheeks meant, are 
now fath-ers and moth-ers of just such fat, mer-ry 
elves as they were then. 

The same strong will which helped the Pil-grims 
to bear their hard lives, has made New Eng-land's 
sons and daugh-ters loved and hon-ored in all parts 
of the earth. Ma-ny of the large towns through the 
wide West were first formed by men from this spot, 
and New Eng-land thrift, and New Eng-land will, 
were the seeds from which these great cit-ies sprung. 

Where New Eng-land men have built, there you 
will find the church and the school-house near at 
hand ; and a wise, brave, and God lov-ing band of 
young peo-ple grow-ing up to make the world fair-er 
and bet-ter with their lives. 

And now, my dear young friends, you who can 
claim a share in this grand old stock, if you still have 
your home in that place, or are part-ed from it by 
miles of land or sea, nev-er for-get that blood more 
to be prized than that of kings flows in your veins ; 
and while you thank God for it, try to live such pure, 
clean lives that each of your names shall be in the 
long list which ev-en now is mak-ing up the pres-ent 
his-to-ry of New Eng-land and her peo-ple. 

THE END. 



on 7 



Treatment Date. ^QQft 

1,1 Thomson PaiK Drive 
Cranberry Township, PA 16066 




I 



